Table 1.
Characteristics of reported orthotopic murine models of human colon cancer
| Technique | Author | Year | Mice type | Cell-line used | Tumor development (%)/origin | Lymph node metastasis (%) | Distant metastasis (%) |
| Open surgical | Ogata | 1998 | Nude | Human colon carcinoma KM12 SM cells | 100/Mural | 25 | 10 (Lung) 50 (Liver) |
| Hackl | 2012 | Nude | Human colon cancer cells, transfected with hCG and luciferase | 87.5-100/Mural | 50 | 25 (Lung) 50 (Liver) | |
| Priolli | 2012 | Nude | Colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (CCL-218) | 42.8/Mural | 00 | 00 | |
| Enema model | Takahashi | 2004 | Nude | Human colon cancer cells, LS174T | 95/Mucosal | NS | NS |
| Kishimoto | 2013 | Nude | Mouse rectal cancer cells, expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) | 100/Mucosal | 90 | 90 (Lung) 09 (Liver) | |
| Microinjection | Donigan | 2009 | Nude | Murine colon cancer (CT26) cells | 65/Mural | NA | 3.3 |
| Zigmond | 2011 | Nude | Murine colon cancer C57BL/6 CRC cells | 95/Mural | NA | NA | |
| Human colon cancer cells SW620, SW480 and LS174T | |||||||
| Transanal low dose electrocoagulation | Bhullar | 2010 | Nude/SCID | Murine cell line CRL-2639, CRL-2638 | 92-100/Mucosal | 50-100 | 41-50 |
| Human cell line HT-29, LS-174T | 58-100/Mucosal | 33-83 | 0-83.33 |