Table 2. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of the association of the prognosis with the clinicopathological parameters and GRP78 expression in PDAC.
| Variable | No. of cases | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median ± SE | 95% CI | p value# | RR | 95% CI | p value* | ||
| Age (years) | 0.9272 | ||||||
| ≥65 | 53 | 11 ± 2 | 7–15 | ||||
| <65 | 107 | 13 ± 1 | 10–15 | ||||
| Gender | 0.0075 | 0.041 | |||||
| Male | 104 | 11 ± 1 | 9–13 | 1.617 | 1.017–2.187 | ||
| Female | 56 | 14 ± 5 | 5–24 | 1 | |||
| Tumor location | 0.4050 | ||||||
| 95 | 13 ± 1 | 10–16 | |||||
| 60 | 11 ± 1 | 8–14 | |||||
| Tumor size | 0.9543 | ||||||
| >4 cm | 94 | 13 ± 1 | 10–16 | ||||
| ≤4 cm | 69 | 11 ± 1 | 8–14 | ||||
| Histological grade | 0.0150 | 0.013 | |||||
| G1–2 | 108 | 14 ± 2 | 9–19 | 1 | |||
| G3 | 36 | 9 ± 1 | 7–11 | 1.696 | 1.116–2.576 | ||
| pT stage | 0.0139 | 0.036 | |||||
| T1–2 | 94 | 13 ± 4 | 6–20 | 1 | |||
| T3–4 | 64 | 11 ± 2 | 8–14 | 1.508 | 1.026–2.514 | ||
| pN stage | 0.0778 | ||||||
| N0 | 91 | 15 ± 3 | 10–20 | ||||
| N1 | 62 | 10 ± 2 | 7–13 | ||||
| Perineural invasion | 0.0455 | 0.348 | |||||
| Positive | 77 | 11 ± 1 | 9–13 | 1.204 | 0.817–1.776 | ||
| Negative | 81 | 15 ± 3 | 9–21 | 1 | |||
| GRP78 in tumor | 0.0077 | 0.041 | |||||
| High | 72 | 11 ± 1 | 8–14 | 1.491 | 1.017–2.187 | ||
| Low | 88 | 13 ± 4 | 6–20 | 1 | |||
Note: The boldface type indicates a significant difference. PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; SE, standard error; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; G1, well differentiated; G2, moderately differentiated; G3, poorly differentiated; T, tumor; N, lymph node. #Log-rank test; *Cox regression test.