Id3 promotes HFD-induced MCP-1 in VAT. (A, B, G) SVF was isolated from epididymal VAT of 8 to 10 week old Id3+/+ and Id3−/− mice fed 1 week of either chow or HFD. n = 7–10. Flow quantitation of MCP-1hi cells (A) and MCP-1mid cells (B) per mouse (paired eVAT depots). (C–E) Epididymal VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue were harvested from 8 to 10 week old Id3+/+ and Id3−/− mice fed 4 weeks of either chow or HFD. n = 5–6. (C, D) MCP-1 mRNA levels in epididymal (C) and subcutaneous (D) adipose, represented as fold increase over Id3+/+ chow. (E) MCP-1 levels as measured by ELISA in the supernatant of epididymal VAT, cultured for 24 h. MCP-1 secretion was normalized per mouse (paired eVAT depots). (F) Weights of epididymal VAT from 8 to 10 week old Id3+/+ and Id3−/− mice fed chow-diet or 1 or 4 weeks of HFD. (G) Correlation of quantified MCP-1hi cells with epididymal VAT weight in 1 week HFD-fed Id3+/+ and Id3−/− mice. (H) MCP-1 promoter activity in OP-9 cells, transfected with plasmid encoding ID3 and MCP-1 luciferase-expressing promoter construct (MCP-1-LUC), as measured by RLU (relative luminescence units). Performed in triplicate, repeated three times. (I) MCP-1 levels as measured by ELISA in the supernatant of sort purified AdPCs from 1 week HFD-fed mice. n = 3, each group including 6–8 pooled mice pooled. Shown are mean values ± SEM, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ns = p > 0.05.