Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of European and South Asian Men in the SABRE Study, by Stroke Status.
| Europeans |
South Asians |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | All | No Stroke | Stroke | P Value* | All | No Stroke | Stroke | P Value* | P Value† |
| n | 1375 | 1271 (92) | 104 (8) | … | 1074 | 972 (90) | 102 (10) | … | … |
| Age, y | 52 (46–58) | 52 (46–58) | 51 (46–56) | <0.001 | 50 (45–55) | 49 (44–55) | 53 (48–59) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Ever smoked | 1011 (74) | 928 (73) | 83 (80) | 0.21 | 292 (27) | 260 (27) | 32 (32) | 0.27 | <0.001 |
| Manual occupation | 852 (62) | 778 (61) | 74 (71) | 0.14 | 819 (77) | 736 (76) | 83 (82) | 0.17 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol, units/wk | 12 (3–26) | 12 (3–26) | 13 (1–31) | 0.37 | 3 (0–15) | 3(0–15) | 4 (0–20) | 0.34 | 0.003 |
| Veg/fruit, daily/most days | 931 (68) | 862 (68) | 69 (66) | 0.58 | 711 (67) | 646 (67) | 65 (65) | 0.36 | 0.99 |
| Physical activity, MJ/wk | 11 (7–16) | 12 (7–16) | 11 (7–19) | 0.06 | 10 (6–13) | 10 (6–13) | 9 (5–14) | 0.08 | <0.001 |
| Waist/hip ratio | 0.94±0.07 | 0.94±0.06 | 0.95±0.08 | 0.41 | 0.98±0.06 | 0.98±0.06 | 1.00±0.06 | 0.08 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.1±3.8 | 26.1±3.7 | 25.9±4.1 | 0.51 | 25.7±3.2 | 25.7±3.1 | 25.8±3.7 | 0.71 | 0.02 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 0.73 | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 0.98 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.4 (1.0–2.1) | 1.4 (1.0–2.1) | 1.6 (1.1–2.2) | 0.20 | 1.7 (1.2–2.5) | 1.7 (1.2–2.5) | 1.8 (1.1–2.6) | 0.57 | <0.001 |
| Total/HDL-cholesterol | 4.7 (3.8–5.9) | 4.7 (3.8–5.9) | 4.8 (3.9–5.6) | 0.93 | 5.0 (4.2–6.1) | 5.0 (4.2–6.1) | 5.1 (4.4–6.1) | 0.23 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 84 (6) | 76 (6) | 8 (8) | 0.92 | 212 (20) | 168 (17) | 44 (43) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.4 (5.1–5.9) | 5.4 (5.1–5.9) | 5.5 (5.1–5.9) | 0.26 | 5.6 (5.2–6.2) | 5.6 (5.1–6.1) | 5.9 (5.3–7.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Postload glucose, mmol/L | 5.0 (4.1–5.9) | 5.0 (4.1–5.9) | 5.0 (3.9–5.8) | 0.14 | 5.5 (4.6–6.6) | 5.5 (4.6–6.5) | 5.9 (4.8–8.3) | 0.01 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.6 (5.4–5.8) | 5.6 (5.4–5.8) | 5.6 (5.4–5.8) | 0.24 | 5.8 (5.5–6.2) | 5.8 (5.5–6.2) | 6.1 (5.7–6.9) | 0.02 | <0.001 |
| HOMA2-IR | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 0.7 (0.5–1.2) | 0.69 | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | 0.04 | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min | 117±36 | 118±36 | 107±40 | 0.05 | 109±37 | 109±37 | 107±38 | 0.81 | <0.001 |
| Median heart rate, bpm | 64 (57–72) | 63 (57–72) | 65 (56–71) | 0.71 | 68 (61–75) | 67 (61–75) | 71 (63–77) | 0.03 | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 122±16 | 122±16 | 127±22 | 0.05 | 124±17 | 123±17 | 134±17 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 77±11 | 77±11 | 76±12 | 0.40 | 80±10 | 80±10 | 84±11 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Mean arterial BP, mm Hg | 92±12 | 92±11 | 93±14 | 0.70 | 95±12 | 94±11 | 101±12 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Pulse pressure, mm Hg | 45±12 | 45±11 | 50±17 | 0.001 | 44±13 | 43±12 | 50±13 | 0.003 | 0.90 |
Excludes participants with baseline stroke or receipt of antihypertensive medication. Data are n (%), median (interquartile range), or mean±SD. BMI indicates body mass index; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA2-IR, Homeostasis Model Assessment version 2 for Insulin Resistance; and SABRE, Southall and Brent Revisited study.
*
Age-adjusted P for difference in participants who experienced stroke vs those who did not.
†
Age-adjusted P for ethnic difference, regardless of stroke status. HbA1c available for 1082 Europeans and 803 South Asians, and eGFR available for 1015 Europeans and 959 South Asians.