. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 4.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 May 23;96(1):57–63. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.037473

Table 2. Late pregnancy vitamin D status (SD) as a predictor of offspring body composition.

	Unadjusted		Adjusted for confounders^b
Outcome^a	β (95% CI)	P-value	β (95% CI)	P-value
Birth fat mass (SD)	0.06 (−0.01, 0.12)	0.09	0.08 (0.02, 0.15)	0.02
Birth fat-free mass (SD)	0.02 (−0.03, 0.07)	0.44	0.04 (−0.02, 0.09)	0.17
4 year fat mass (SD)	−0.09 (−0.16, −0.02)	0.02	−0.01 (−0.08, 0.07)	0.81
4 year fat-free mass (SD)	0.03 (−0.02, 0.08)	0.21	0.03 (−0.02, 0.08)	0.30
6 year fat mass (SD)	−0.16 (−0.23, −0.08)	< 0.001	−0.10 (−0.17, −0.02)	0.01
6 year fat-free mass (SD)	0.01 (−0.04, 0.06)	0.65	0.02 (−0.03, 0.07)	0.43

Birth outcomes adjusted for sex, gestation, age at measurement, age squared and length; childhood outcomes adjusted for sex, age and height

Birth confounders were maternal educational attainment, smoking in pregnancy, pre-pregnancy BMI, height, parity, social class and IOM weight gain category; childhood confounders were maternal educational attainment, smoking in pregnancy, pre-pregnancy BMI, height, parity, social class, IOM weight gain category, breastfeeding duration, vitamin D intake at 3 years, and physical activity at 3 years