Table 2.

Outcomes stratified by method of diagnosis

	Health-care worker instruction	Induction	OR (95% CI)	p value
Total patients starting treatment	53/213 (25%)	73/268 (27%)	0.88 (0.57–1.36)	0.56
Diagnosis and treatment initiation based on smear microscopy
Patients treated	13/53 (25%)	22/73 (30%)	0.75 (0.31–1.80)	0.49
Median time to treatment (days)	2 (2–6)	3 (2–6)	0.03 (0.00–27.15)	0.68
Diagnosis based on clinical and radiologcal presentation with empiric treatmlent initiation
Patients treated	32/53 (60%)	28/73 (38%)	2.45 (1.12–5.40)	0.015
Patients with HIV*	18/32 (56%)	17/28 (61%)	0.83 (0.26–2.57)	0.73
Patients without HIV	14/32 (44%)	11/28 (39%)	1.20 (0.38–3.83)	0.73
Median time to treatment (days)	4 (1–9)	7 (3–10)	0.01 (0.00–4.01)	0.15
Diagnosis and treatment initiation based on culture
Patients treated based on sputum 1 culture result	6/53 (11%)	18/73 (25%)	0.39 (0.12–1.14)	0.060
Patients treated based on other (sputum 2 or non-sputum) culture results	1/53 (2%)	2/73 (3%)	0.68 (0.01–13.47)	0.76
Median time to treatment (days)	34 (29–48)	42 (20–56)	0.26 (0.00–5.48)	0.90
Culture-positive patients not given any tuberculosis treatment during study	3/213 (1%)	4/268 (2%)	0.94 (0.14–5.61)	0.93

One patient in the health-care worker instruction group and three in the sputum induction group were missing data for reason for treatment initiation.

^*Initiation of tuberculosis treatment was based on the 2007 WHO smear-negative diagnostic and treatment algorithm for HIV-positive ambulatory patients.