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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 4.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet Respir Med. 2013 Jul 19;1(6):471–478. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70120-6

Table 2.

Outcomes stratified by method of diagnosis

Health-care worker instruction Induction OR (95% CI) p value
Total patients starting treatment 53/213 (25%) 73/268 (27%) 0.88 (0.57–1.36) 0.56

Diagnosis and treatment initiation based on smear microscopy
 Patients treated 13/53 (25%) 22/73 (30%) 0.75 (0.31–1.80) 0.49
 Median time to treatment (days)   2 (2–6)   3 (2–6) 0.03 (0.00–27.15) 0.68

Diagnosis based on clinical and radiologcal presentation with empiric treatmlent initiation
 Patients treated 32/53 (60%) 28/73 (38%) 2.45 (1.12–5.40) 0.015
 Patients with HIV* 18/32 (56%) 17/28 (61%) 0.83 (0.26–2.57) 0.73
 Patients without HIV 14/32 (44%) 11/28 (39%) 1.20 (0.38–3.83) 0.73
 Median time to treatment (days)   4 (1–9)   7 (3–10) 0.01 (0.00–4.01) 0.15

Diagnosis and treatment initiation based on culture
 Patients treated based on sputum 1 culture result   6/53 (11%) 18/73 (25%) 0.39 (0.12–1.14) 0.060
 Patients treated based on other (sputum 2 or non-sputum) culture results   1/53 (2%)   2/73 (3%) 0.68 (0.01–13.47) 0.76
 Median time to treatment (days) 34 (29–48) 42 (20–56) 0.26 (0.00–5.48) 0.90
 Culture-positive patients not given any tuberculosis treatment during study   3/213 (1%)   4/268 (2%) 0.94 (0.14–5.61) 0.93

One patient in the health-care worker instruction group and three in the sputum induction group were missing data for reason for treatment initiation.

*

Initiation of tuberculosis treatment was based on the 2007 WHO smear-negative diagnostic and treatment algorithm for HIV-positive ambulatory patients.

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