Table 3.
Anthropometric measurements, blood cell counts, and liver and kidney function markers before and after the intervention
| Low-FODMAP (n = 30) | Moderate-FODMAP (n = 28) | High-FODMAP (n = 26) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | After | Baseline | After | Baseline | After | |
| Weight (kg)a | 55.4 ± 2.37 | 55.6 ± 2.36 | 56.7 ± 2.61 | 56.3 ± 2.52 | 55.9 ± 2.48 | 55.9 ± 2.49 |
| BMI (kg/m2)a | 19.9 ± 0.68 | 21.3 ± 0.90* | 20.6 ± 0.77 | 22.2 ± 1.07† | 20.4 ± 0.75 | 22.2 ± 0.95* |
| MAC (cm) | 25.2 ± 0.53 | 25.5 ± 0.58 | 25.4 ± 0.70 | 25.2 ± 0.77 | 24.2 ± 0.80 | 24.8 ± 0.66 |
| TSF (mm) | 11.0 ± 0.89 | 12.0 ± 0.82 | 12.2 ± 1.04 | 12.7 ± 1.00 | 10.1 ± 0.88 | 11.0 ± 0.92† |
| MAMC (cm) | 21.8 ± 0.50 | 21.7 ± 0.56 | 21.5 ± 0.53 | 21.2 ± 0.66 | 21.0 ± 0.72 | 21.3 ± 0.61 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 111.2 ± 2.85 | 110.8 ± 2.46 | 116.3 ± 2.21 | 116.8 ± 2.36 | 116.5 ± 2.76 | 117.6 ± 3.49 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 74.2 ± 2.52 | 74.0 ± 2.22 | 73.5 ± 1.52 | 75.7 ± 1.87 | 75.0 ± 1.89 | 74.6 ± 2.08 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.46 ± 0.27 | 5.47 ± 0.34 | 5.52 ± 0.17 | 5.43 ± 0.18 | 5.17 ± 0.12 | 5.24 ± 0.13 |
| ALC (count/μL) | 1957.7 ± 132.1 | 1858.1 ± 83.2 | 1791.2 ± 123.1 | 1763.2 ± 121.2 | 1769.2 ± 137.2 | 1790.0 ± 147.5 |
| WBC (×106/μL) | 6.62 ± 0.42 | 7.17 ± 0.48 | 7.55 ± 0.65 | 7.12 ± 0.53 | 6.90 ± 0.54 | 7.84 ± 0.59 |
| AST (U/L) | 20.8 ± 1.11 | 20.8 ± 1.50 | 20.3 ± 1.25 | 23.3 ± 1.32** | 18.6 ± 0.95 | 17.8 ± 0.89 |
| ALT (U/L) | 21.8 ± 2.87 | 21.5 ± 2.44 | 16.3 ± 1.29 | 20.2 ± 1.59* | 14.3 ± 1.25 | 15.3 ± 1.40 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.67 ± 0.05 | 0.67 ± 0.04 | 0.70 ± 0.07 | 0.72 ± 0.07 | 0.62 ± 0.04 | 0.61 ± 0.04 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 14.1 ± 1.64 | 13.8 ± 1.07 | 13.9 ± 1.40 | 13.5 ± 1.41 | 11.7 ± 0.96 | 12.7 ± 1.05* |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 4.48 ± 0.27 | 3.99 ± 0.21* | 5.10 ± 0.33 | 4.93 ± 0.27 | 4.74 ± 0.29 | 4.47 ± 0.37 |
ALC absolute lymphocyte count, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, BUN blood urea nitrogen, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, MAC midarm circumference, MAMC midarm muscle circumference, TSF triceps skin fold thickness, WBC white blood cells
Values shown as means ± S.E
a n = 62
†p < 0.1, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01,***p < 0.001. Differences in within-group means before and after the intervention were assessed using the paired t-test; there were no significant differences in the baseline values among the three groups