Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristic | Lean (n = 93) |
Very severely obese (n = 148) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| or n (%) | or n (%) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.6 (1.7) | 43.9 (4.3) | <0.0001 |
| Age (years) | 33.7 (4.2) | 31.5 (5.4) | 0.002 |
| Parity | |||
| Nulliparous | 57 (64) | 84 (48) | <0.001 |
| Deprivation Category | |||
| Least deprived | 25 (29) | 14 (8) | <0.001 |
| Most deprived | 60 (69) | 135 (77) | ? |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Caucasian | 93 (100) | 144 (97) | 0.127 |
| Smoking Status | |||
| Never smoked | 48 (53) | 82 (59) | 0.004 |
| Ex-smoker | 27 (30) | 16 (12) | ? |
| Given up in last 12 months or for pregnancy | 12 (13) | 24 (18) | ? |
| Still Smoking | 4 (4) | 15 (11) | ? |
| Alcohol Intake (drinks/week) | |||
| 0 | 12 (14) | 47 (36) | <0.0001 |
| 1 | 13 (15) | 26 (20) | ? |
| 2 | 57 (65) | 55 (42) | ? |
| 3 or more | 6 (6) | 3 (2) | ? |
| Folic Acid Intake | <0.0001 | ||
| Prior to Conception | 55 (60) | 54 (31) | ? |
| <12 weeks gestation | 34 (38) | 114 (66) | ? |
| >12 weeks gestation | 2 (2) | 3 (1) | ? |
| None | 0 (0) | 5 (2) | ? |
| Folic Acid Dose | |||
| 400 µg | 84 (98%) | 129 (96%) | 0.56 |
| 5 mg | 2 (2%) | 5 (4%) | ? |