Table 1.
Maternal characteristics by region and participant group.
| Coastland | Lakeland | Inland | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | MP | LP | LA | MP | LP | LA | MP | LP | LA |
| Number of participants | 136 | 127 | 136 | 133 | 134 | 135 | 138 | 136 | 136 |
| GA (week)/PP (day) at enrolment | |||||||||
| Mean | 16.9 | 37.5 | 42.7 | 17.0 | 38.0 | 41.7 | 16.7 | 38.6 | 42.1 |
| SD | 0.9 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 4.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 3.9 |
| Age (year) | |||||||||
| Mean | 27.9 | 28.4 | 28.3 | 26.5 | 27.1 | 27.1 | 27.9 | 28.5 | 28.1 |
| SD | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.0 |
| Ethnics (%) | |||||||||
| Han | 97.8 | 99.2 | 97.1 | 98.5 | 97.8 | 97.8 | 83.3 | 94.1 | 91.9 |
| Mongolian | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12.3 | 4.4 | 4.4 |
| Hui | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 2.2 |
| Others | 2.2 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 3.6 | 0.7 | 1.5 |
| Education (%) | |||||||||
| College or above | 67.7 | 66.2 | 65.4 | 47.4 | 61.3 | 62.2 | 79.0 | 78.4 | 73.5 |
| High school | 15.4 | 24.4 | 25.0 | 36.8 | 24.6 | 23.7 | 13.8 | 16.2 | 19.1 |
| Middle school or less | 16.9 | 9.4 | 9.6 | 15.8 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 7.2 | 15.4 | 7.4 |
| Height (cm) | |||||||||
| Mean | 163.6 | 163.7 | 163.2 | 159.3 | 159.8 | 159.8 | 164.1 | 162.8 | 163.1 |
| SD | 4.9 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 4.6 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||
| Mean | 21.1 | 21.3 | 21.9 | 20.2 | 19.8 | 20.1 | 21.3 | 21.6 | 21.2 |
| SD | 2.8 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 3.2 |
GA, gestational age; PP, postpartum; MP, mid-pregnancy; LP, late pregnancy; LA, lactation.