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. 2015 Oct 7;2(10):150393. doi: 10.1098/rsos.150393

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© 2015 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 5. — Cladogram with geological age and dorsal view of C3 vertebrae of taxa evaluated. Pe, Prodremotherium elongatum; Cs, Canthumeryx sirtensis; Oj, Okapia johnstoni; Gp, Giraffokeryx punjabiensis; Sg, Sivatherium giganteum; Bm, Bramatherium megacephalum; Sm, Samotherium major; Pr, Palaeotragus rouenii; Ba, Bohlinia attica; Gs, Giraffa sivalensis; Gc, Giraffa camelopardalis. (a) A modified cladogram based on previously published cladograms by Hamilton [13] and Solounias [14], with the exclusion of species not evaluated in this study. Each clade terminates in a square point corresponding to the age of the respective taxon in millions of years (Ma). The dorsal view of a C3 vertebra for each taxon is demonstrated (excluding Bohlinia as there are no known C3 fossils). Each specimen is isometrically scaled so that all vertebrae are of equal length. (b) Silhouettes of O. johnstoni, S. major and G. camelopardalis (left to right) are provided to give a comprehensive image of a long-necked, short-necked and intermediate-necked individual.