Table 5.

Upper bounds of the ligaments included in this study.

ligament	joint	upper bound (N)
iliofemoral ligament (anterior)	hip	850
iliofemoral ligament (lateral)	hip	850
pubofemoral ligament	hip	450
ischiofemoral ligament	hip	450
anterior cruciate ligament	knee	2000
posterior cruciate ligament	knee	4000
medial collateral ligament	knee	3000
lateral collateral ligament	knee	2000
oblique popliteal ligament	knee	1000
posterior tibiotalar ligament	ankle	850
tibiocalcaneal ligament	ankle	850
tibionavicular ligament	ankle	850
posterior talofibular ligament	ankle	850
calcaneofibular ligament	ankle	850