Table 2.
Unadjusted mean (SE) body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), food group intake (times/day), meal behaviors (days/week), and prospective 1-year body mass index (BMI) change by wave
| Wave | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | P-trenda | |
| Food group intake frequency (times/day) | |||||
| Fruit and vegetables | 3.95 (0.16) | 3.91 (0.12) | 3.68 (0.12) | 3.41 (0.15) | 0.004 |
| Whole grains | -- | 1.24 (0.05) | 1.19 (0.05) | 1.00 (0.04) | <0.001 |
| Sugar-sweetened soda | 1.10 (0.06) | 1.02 (0.05) | 0.98 (0.05) | 0.82 (0.05) | <0.001 |
| Sweet and salty snacks | -- | 1.26 (0.04) | 1.15 (0.04) | 0.89 (0.04) | <0.001 |
| Meal practices (days/week) | |||||
| Family meals | 2.54 (0.07) | 2.27 (0.07) | 2.02 (0.07) | -- | <0.001 |
| Breakfast | 4.45 (0.11) | 4.29 (0.11) | 4.41 (0.10) | 3.84 (0.11) | <0.001 |
| Television during meals | 3.34 (0.15) | 2.99 (0.14) | 2.91 (0.11) | -- | <0.001 |
| Fast food | 1.05 (0.06) | 1.06 (0.06) | 1.14 (0.07) | 1.15 (0.07) | 0.03 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.74 (0.18) | 24.32 (0.21) | 24.76 (0.25) | 25.27 (0.26) | <0.001 |
| Prospective 1-y BMI changeb | 0.58 (0.11) | 0.44 (0.11) | 0.51 (0.09) | -- | 0.66 |
| Vigorous physical activity (hours/week) | 3.06 (0.11) | 2.78 (0.11) | 2.69 (0.10) | 2.65 (0.11) | <0.001 |
a P for unadjusted time-trend estimated from unadjusted linear generalized estimating equations
bCalculated as following wave BMI – current wave BMI, kg/m2