Table 3.
Influence of vitamin E on muscle mass.
| Author | Type of Study | Subjects Studied | Primary Endpoint | Main Results of the Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Semba 2003 [50] | Cross-sectional analyses | 669 non-disabled to severely disabled community-dwelling women aged 70 to 79 who participated in the Women’s Health and Aging Studies | To assess the association between dietary carotenoids and α-tocopherol with sarcopenia, as indicated by low grip, hip, and knee strength. | Higher carotenoid and α-tocopherol status were independently associated with higher strength measures. |
| Ble 2006 [51] | Epidemiological study | 827 older (65 years) persons (women, 54%) | To evaluate the association between circulating levels of vitamin E and the presence of frailty. | Low plasma levels of Vit. E (α-tocopherol) are associated with frailty syndrome in older persons free from dementia and disability. |
| Bartali 2008 [54] | Longitudinal study | 698 community-living persons (≥65 years) | To determine whether a low serum concentration of micronutrients (Vitamin E, B6, B12, Folic acid, D and Iron) are associated with subsequent decline in physical function among older men and women living in the community. | A low serum concentration of vitamin E is associated with subsequent decline in physical function among community-living older adults. |
| Dietary Supplementation | ||||
| Meydani 1993 [55] | Double-blind study | Nine young (22–29 years) and 12 older (55–74 years) sedentary male subjects | To measure the changes in oxidative products and antioxidants (α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol) in skeletal muscle of young and old subjects after an eccentric exercise that causes delayed-onset muscle soreness and damage and then compare the antioxidant status of urine and plasma of older vs. younger. | All vitamin E-supplemented subjects excreted less (p < 0.05) urinary thiobarbituric acid adducts after the exercise bout than placebo subjects at 12 days post-exercise. |
| Sacheck 2003 [56] | Randomized clinical trial | Sixteen young (26.4 ± 3.3 years) and 16 older (71.1 ± 4.0 years) healthy men | To investigate the effects of an extended bout of downhill running on oxidative stress response and antioxidant status in healthy young and older men, and whether supplementation with vit, E could negate any observed differences. | Vitamin E supplementation (1000 IU α-tocopherol in soybean oil) induced modest changes eccentric exercise-induced oxidative stress, although differentially between the young and older subjects, while age had no direct influence on these responses among this group of physically fit subjects. |