Figure 1.

Integrating affinity maturation into the phage-display pipeline. (A) Schematic of the pipeline. After the target has been obtained, two rounds (Two black arrows) of phage-display affinity selection are performed, followed by creation of a secondary library via mutagenesis (A blue arrow). The resulting secondary library is then affinity selected for another three rounds (Three red arrows) to isolate individual clones that bind the target; (B) Competition polyclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) illustrating the overall improvement in affinity of virion pool of post-maturation. The blue arrow indicates the mutagenesis process.