Table 1.
Relative abundance (>5%) of the constituents in the essential oils from Myrcia species.
| Species | Part of the Plant (Yield: v/w) | Compounds (Relative Abundance, %>5) Classes of Substances; Total | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| M. acuminatissima O.Berg | Fresh leaves (0.12%) | β-pinene (5.0), linalool (22.3), terpinen-4-ol (5.2), β-caryophyllene (8.1), spathulenol (7.5), caryophyllene oxide (5.5) MH: 13.9%, OM: 35.1%, SH: 15.7%, OS: 28.0%, T: 97.0% |
[20] |
| M. alagoensis O.Berg | Fresh leaves (0.3%) | β-caryophyllene (7.9), germacrene D (11.1), germacrene B (26.7), (2E,6E)-farnesoic acid (7.3) S: 79.9%, T: 80.5% |
[21] |
| Dry leaves (0.4%) | β-caryophyllene (7.8), germacrene D (6.4), δ-cadinene (5.4), selina-3,7(11)-diene (5.4), germacrene B (23.1) S: 75.4%, T: 75.5% |
[21] | |
| M. amazonica DC. | Fresh leaves (0.65%) | germacrene D (10.09), germacrene B (9.59), 1-epi-cubenol (20.22), α-muurolol (6.21) | [22] |
| Dry leaves (0.96%) | germacrene D (16.56), germacrene B (11.09), 1-epi-cubenol (14.72) | [22] | |
| M. arborescens O.Berg | Fresh leaves (0.2%) | α-muurolol (6.2), caryophyllene oxide (26.3), spathulenol (8.9), globulol (15.9), 5-epi-7-epi-α-eudesmol (5.9) S: 94.8%, T: 96.2% |
[23] |
| M. bombycina (O.Berg) Nied. | Fresh leaves (0.95%) | α-pinene (23.9), β-pinene (12.4), limonene (7.0), γ-eudesmol (7.8) MH: 53.0%, OM: 5.4%, SH: 8.0%, OS: 24.0%, T: 93.5% |
[20] |
| M. bracteata DC. | Leaves (0.71%) | α-bisabolol oxide (10.37), α-bisabolol (45.86) SH: 13.76%, OS: 63.49%, S: 77.25% | [24] |
| Leaves and fine stems (0.1%) a | (E)-nerolidol (80.8) | [25] | |
| Leaves and fine stems (0.3%) a | (E)-β-farnesene (33.9), β-curcumene (9.8), β-bisabolol (8.2) | [25] | |
| Leaves and fine stems (0.1%) a | germacrene B (8.8), spathulenol (31.0) | [25] | |
| M. cuprea (O.Berg) Kiaersk. | Leaves (<0.05%) | β-caryophyllene (9.57), α-humulene (7.03), γ-selinene (21.75), α-selinene (11.84), (Z)-α-bisabolene (9.51), (E,E)-α-farnesene (10.52) SH: 82.41%, S: 82.41%, OTH: 11.02% |
[24] |
| Leaves and fine stems (0.3%) a | myrcene (48.1), β-caryophyllene (19.9), δ-cadinene (6.9) | [25] | |
| Leaves and fine stems (0.1%) a | α-pinene (15.9), myrcene (19.2), β-caryophyllene (39.1) | [25] | |
| Leaves and fine stems (>0.1%) a | β-caryophyllene (38.1), germacrene D (21.8), germacrene B (19.5) | [25] | |
| M. fallax (Rich.) DC. | Leaves (0.09%) | α-pinene (7.68), β-pinene (11.88), β-elemene (11.21), β-caryophyllene (5.55), selin-11-en-4α-ol (7.56) MH: 22.29%, M: 24.02%, SH: 41.83%, OS: 24.20%, S: 66.03% |
[24] |
| Leaves (0.25%) | α-pinene (7.7), β-pinene (6.9), β-caryophyllene (6.0), carotol (9.9), guaiol (31.0) T: 83.4% |
[26] | |
| Flowers (0.30%) | α-pinene (6.0), guaiol (27.5), aristolene (24.5) T: 83.2% |
[26] | |
| Fresh leaves (0.25%) | α-bisabolol (83.8) SH: 7.2%, OS: 86.5%, T: 94.3% |
[20] | |
| M. aff. fosteri Croat | Leaves | β-bisabolol oxide (19.2), α-bisabolol (19.2), bisabolol oxide B (7.0), undeca-4,6-diene (5.4) SH: 8.2%, OS: 65.9%, T: 76.7% |
[27] |
| M. glabra (O.Berg) D.Legrand | Fresh leaves (0.11%) | α-copaene (6.1), β-caryophyllene (9.5), β-selinene (5.8), α-selinene (9.4), valerianol (13.2) SH: 54.4%, OS: 27.4%, OTH: 9.4%, T: 92.0% |
[20] |
| M. hatschbachii D.Legrand | Fresh leaves (0.1%) | germacrene D (6.4%), γ-cadinene (8.1), α-cadinol (6.1), β-caryophyllene (23.3) S: 95.2%, T: 97.9% |
[23] |
| M. lageana D.Legrand | Fresh leaves (0.3%) | (E)-nerolidyl acetate (25.3), germacrene D (23.4) S: 98.5%, T: 99.3% |
[23] |
| M. laruotteana Camb. | Unripe fruits (0.3%) | spathulenol (5.4), globulol (6.3), α-bisabolol oxide B (11.5), α-bisabolol (23.6), globulol (6.3), (2E,6E)-methyl farnesoate (5.8) SH: 5.8%, OS: 75.8%, T: 82.8% |
[28] |
| Leaves (0.05%) | spathulenol (7.3), globulol (6.2), guaiol (6.1), 1-epi-cubenol (5.0), α-cadinol (8.0), α-bisabolol (20.7), 14-hydroxy-α-muurolene (19.9) SH: 10.2%, OS: 79.6%, T: 90.4% |
[29] | |
| Flowers (0.07%) | spathulenol (8.6), globulol (6.6), guaiol (7.7), 1-epi-cubenol (5.0), α-cadinol (6.5), α-bisabolol (28.1), 14-hydroxy-α-muurolene (13.7) SH: 9.1%, OS: 83.1%, T: 95.5% |
[29] | |
| M. multiflora (Lam) DC. | Leaves (1.16%) | α-gurjunene (6.40), β-caryophyllene (10.72), γ-selinene (5.12), α-selinene (8.67), selin-11-en-4α-ol (10.67) MH: 6.14%, OS: 5.23%, M: 11.37%, SH: 53.91%, OS: 17.57%, S: 71.48% |
[24] |
| Fresh leaves (0.20%) | β-caryophyllene (7.5), germacrene D (8.7), bicyclogermacrene (6.3), δ-cadinene (5.2), MW 222 (7.4), cubenol (5.9) SH: 44.9%, OS: 32.3%, n.i.: 5.9%, T: 87.5% |
[20] | |
| M. myrtillifolia DC. | Leaves (0.14%)b | α-pinene (80.4), α-terpineol (7.0) MH: 85.4%, OM: 13.0%, T: 99.7% |
[30] |
| Flowers (0.26%) b | α-pinene (76.2) MH: 77.1%, OM: 9.9%, T: 88.8% |
[30] | |
| Fruits (0.37%) b | α-pinene (88.1) MH: 91.9%, T: 96.8% |
[30] | |
| M. obtecta (O.Berg) Kiaersk. | Fresh leaves (0.1%) | α-pinene (7.2), ar-curcumene (19.0), β-bisabolene (8.5), α-copaene (8.0), α-humulene (6.2) M: 16.2%, S: 79.1%, T: 95.3% |
[23] |
| M. obtecta (O.Berg) Kiaersk. | Leaves (0.01%) b | α-terpineol (11.2), α-guainene (5.8), trans-calamenene (29.3), 1-epi-cubenol (5.6) M: 16.7%, SH: 56.4%, OS: 20.9%, T: 95.6% |
[31] |
| Flowers (n.i.) | methyl salicilate (88.2) T: 97.9% |
[31] | |
| M. oligantha O.Berg | Fresh leaves (0.1%) | δ-cadinene (17.9), 1-epi-cubenol (7.2), cubenol (5.7), β-caryophyllene (6.5), caryophyllene oxide (5.4), bicyclogermacrene (8.3), spathulenol (10.2) S: 96.8%, T: 99.9% |
[23] |
| M. ovata Cambess. | Leaves (0.9%) | neral (35.8), geranial (50.4) T: 92.1% |
[17,32] |
| Leaves (1.27%; w/w) | OM: 91.78%, T: 93.55% | [33] | |
| M. pubiflora DC. | Fresh leaves (1.1%) | tricyclene (5.27), 1,8-cineole (5.35), caryophyllene oxide (22.16), mustakone (11.34) T: 72.7% |
[34] |
| M. pubipetala Miq. | Fresh leaves (0.1%) | germacrene D (7.2), β-caryophyllene (13.3), bicyclogermacrene (25.2), spathulenol (31.7), n-heneicosane (14.9) OTH: 14.9%, S: 84.8%, T: 99.7% |
[23] |
| M. richardiana (O.Berg) Kiaersk. | Fresh leaves (0.1%) | β-caryophyllene (20.6), caryophyllene oxide (19.3), α-humulene (5.1), bicyclogermacrene (5.7) S: 90.0%, T: 90.0% |
[23] |
| M. rostrata DC. | Fresh leaves (0.2%) | δ-cadinene (5.7), τ-muurolol (5.1), caryophyllene oxide (13.1), bicyclogermacrene (6.8), spathulenol (17.3) S: 93.3%, T: 93.3% |
[23] |
| M. rufipila McVaugh | Leaves (0.42%) a | β-caryophyllene (7.07), γ-elemene (10.49), germacrene D (9.09), bicyclogermacrene (7.49), δ-cadinene (7.36), germacrene B (6.70) SH: 72.35%, OS: 19.93%, S: 92.28% |
[24] |
| Leaves (0.18%) a | β-caryophyllene (5.66), germacrene D (10.31), δ-cadinene (10.12), α-cadinol (6.20) SH: 65.87%, OS: 23.69%, S: 89.56% |
[24] | |
| M. salzmanni O.Berg | Leaves (n.i.) b | β-caryophyllene (25.9), α-humulene(12.9), MW 222 (11.7), MW 220 (14.2), MW 222 (10.0) SH: 49.2%, OS: 10.1%, NI: 36.2%, T: 95.5% |
[35] |
| Flowers (n.i.) | β-caryophyllene (13.8), α-humulene (10.9), MW 222 (10.0), MW 220 (12.6), cis-β-elemone (6.2), MW 222 (7.1) SH: 36.4%, OS: 20.1%, NI: 38.6%, T: 95.4% |
[35] | |
| M. selloii (Spreng.) N.Silveira | Fresh leaves (0.5%) | germacrene D (6.7), δ-cadinene (14.5), τ-cadinol (9.3), α-cadinol (17.2), β-caryophyllene (9.0), bicyclogermacrene (10.2) S: 99.2%, T: 99.9% |
[23] |
| M. splendens (Sw.) DC. | Fresh leaves (0.44%) | (Z)-α-bisabolene (79.65) SH: 94.54%, S: 98.34%, T: 98.34% |
[36] |
| Fresh stems (0.15%) | β-caryophyllene (23.8), germacrene D (25.3), bicyclogermacrene (7.1), caryophyllene oxide (10.5) T: 97.2% | [37] | |
| Leaves (n.i.) |
trans-2-hexenal (9.5), germacrene D (35.9), δ-cadinene (5.8), epi-α-cadinol (6.8), valerianol (16.3) SH: 55.7%, OS: 31.8%, T: 96.9% |
[38] | |
| M. sylvatica (G.Mey) DC. | Leaves and fine stems (>0.1%) a | spathulenol (13.8), caryophyllene oxide (16.6), selin-11-en-4α-ol (24.7) | [25] |
| Leaves and fine stems (0.3%) a | cis-calamenene (30.1), α-calacorene (11.5), spathulenol (18.7) | [25] | |
| Leaves and fine stems (>0.1%) a | β-bisabolene (14.7), spathulenol (40.2) | [25] | |
| M. tomentosa (Aubl.) DC. | Aerial parts (0.54%) b | (E)-β-farnesene (6.94), γ-muurolene (18.04), bicyclogermacrene (11.51), (2E,6E)-methyl farnesoate (36.95) SH: 47.22%, OS: 52.02%, T: 99.24% |
[39] |
| Fresh flowers (0.31%) | spathulenol (7.36), globulol (5.97), (2Z,6Z)-farnesal (6.86), (2Z,6Z)-farnesol (10.65), (2E,6E)-farnesal (5.36), (2E,6E)-methyl farnesoate (14.28), benzyl salicylate (5.99) OS: 46.69%, OTH: 24.61%, T: 72.71% |
[39] | |
| Stem bark (0.31%) | (2E,6E)-methyl farnesoate (14.39), hexadecanoic acid (22.05) SH: 6.26%, OS: 9.06%, OTH: 60.4%, T: 76.27% |
[39] | |
| Leaves (0.1–0.8) b | spathulenol (18.35), globulol (7.66), (2E,6E)-methyl farnesoate (46.38) | [40] | |
| Leaves (0.1–0.8) b | γ-muurolene (14.20), bicyclogermacrene (14.38), δ-amorphene (18.83) | [40] | |
| Leaves (0.1–0.8) b | γ-muurolene (6.62), bicyclogermacrene (8.04), globulol (57.48) | [40] | |
| Leaves (0.1–0.8) b | γ-muurolene (7.67), bicyclogermacrene (5.85), (2E,6E)-methyl farnesoate (60.69) | [40] | |
| Leaves (0.1–0.8) b | β-caryophyllene (12.66), γ-muurolene (40.16), bicyclogermacrene (13.74), δ-amorphene (6.31) | [40] |
M: Monoterpenes (hydrocarbons and oxygenated); S: Sesquiterpenes (hydrocarbons and oxygenated); MH: Monoterpene Hydrocarbons; OM: Oxigenated Monoterpenes; SH: Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons; OS: Oxigenated Sesquiterpenes; OTH: Others; NI: not identified; T: total of the identified compounds; a Different site of collection for a same species in a same reference; b Studies of seasonal or circadian variations (oils with the highest T and measured yield is listed); n.i.: not informed; Ref.: Reference.