Table 5.
Effect of humic and fulvic acids on microalgae response towards metals.
| Chelating Agent | Metal | Uplift of Chelating Agent Concentration | Strain | Reduction of Growth Inhibition | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humic acid (Soil) | Ni2+ (0.5 mg/L) | 0→0.2 mg/L | Dunaliella salina Nannochloropsis salina | 40% A→25% C30% A→15% C | [118] |
| Humic acid (Soil) | Cd2+ (0.2 mg/L) | 0→5 mg/L | Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata | 52% A→28% C | [195] |
| Humic acid (Soil) | Zn2+ (0.39 mg/L) | 0→5 mg/L | Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata | 55% A→4% C | [195] |
| Humic acid (Peat) | Cd2+ (0.2 mg/L) | 0→5 mg/L | Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata | 52% A→8% C | [195] |
| Humic acid (Peat) | Zn2+ (0.39 mg/L) | 0→5 mg/L | Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata | 55% A→30% C | [195] |
| Humic acid | As(III) (100 µM) | 0→10 mg/L | Stichococcus bacillaris | 52% A→33% C | [141] |
| Humic acid (Sediment) | Hg2+ (10 ppb) | 0→10 ppm | Isochrysis galbana | Complete reduction in growth inhibition plus stimulation | [196] |
| Humic acid | ZnO–NPs (1 mg/L) | 0→3 mg/L | Anabaena sp. | 70% A→40% C | [197] |
| Fulvic acid (Sediment) | Cu2+ (~5 µM) | 1→5 mg/L | Scenedesmus subspicatus | 56% A1→30% C1 | [188] |
| Fulvic acid (Suwannee River) | Cd2+ (0.2 mg/L) | 0→5 mg/L | Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata | 52% A→45% C | [195] |
| Fulvic acid (Suwannee River) | Zn2+ (0.39 mg/L) | 0→5 mg/L | Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata | No reduction in growth inhibition | [195] |
| Fulvic acid (Soil) | Al i+o (6 µM) | 0→11 mg/L | Chlorella pyrenoidosa | Complete reduction in growth inhibition plus stimulation | [202] |
A growth inhibition in the absence of chelating agent; A1, growth inhibition in the presence of decreased amount of chelating agent; C growth inhibition in the presence of chelating agent; C1, growth inhibition in the presence of increased amount of chelating agent; i+o, a sum of inorganic and organic aluminum.