Table 2.

Summary of studies detecting off-target mutagenesis using different cell lines.

Cell Types	Target Gene	Programmable Nuclease Used	Detection Assay of off-Target Mutagenesis	off-Target Mutagenesis Detected	Ref.
U2OS, HEK293 and K562 cells	VEGFA, EMX1, RNF2, FANCF	CRISPR	EGFP reporter, T7EI	Yes	[42]
293T	EMX1	TALENs, CRISPR	amplicon seq, Surveyor assay	Yes	[6]
293T	HBB, CCR5	CRISPR	T7EI, Sanger sequencing	Yes	[105]
293T	HBB, CCR5	CRISPR	T7EI, Sanger sequencing	Yes	[69]
293 and U2OS cells	VEFGA, EMX1, FANCF, RNF2	CRISPR	GUIDE-seq, amplicon seq (AMP-based seq)	Yes	[97]
HAP1 cells, K562 cells,	HBB, VEFGA	CRISPR	Digenome-seq	Yes	[98]
293T cells, A549 cells	RAG1, C-MYC, ATM	TALENs, CRISPR	HTGTS method	Yes	[94]
iPS cells	A1AT	ZFNs	CGH, SNP array, exome seq	No	[106]
myoblasts	DMD	TALENs	exome seq	No	[107]
iPS cells	PPP1R12C	TALENs, CRISPR	whole genome seq	No	[100]
ES cells, iPS cells	SORT1, LINC00116	TALENs, CRISPR	whole genome seq	No	[102]
iPS cells	HBB	TALENs, HDAdV mediated HR	whole genome seq	No	[101]
293FT cells, iPS cells	PPP1R12C, AKT2, CDK19, ATP6AP2, SLC35A2	CRISPR	amplicon seq	No	[108]
iPS cells	DMD	TALENs and CRISPR	T7EI, amplicon seq, Karyotyping, CNV analysis, exome seq	No	[17]
iPS cells	PLN	TALEN	exome seq	No	[109]
iPS cells	F8	CRISPR	amplicon seq	No	[21]