Figure 4.

Effect of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid on AMPKα Thr¹⁷² phosphorylation and Akt Ser⁴⁷³ phosphorylation in incubated rat skeletal muscle. Isolated epitrochlearis muscle was preincubated and incubated for 30 min in the absence (−) or presence (+) of 1 mmol/L caffeic acid (A and C) or 1 mmol/L chlorogenic acid (B and D). The muscle was tetanically contracted during the last 10 min of the incubation period and then subjected to western blot analysis. Values are mean ± SE; n = 5–12 per group. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 versus control; ^††P < 0.01, ^†††P < 0.001 versus contraction plus caffeic acid or chlorogenic acid. AMPKα, 5′-Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α; NS, not significant.