Table 2. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression models showing the association between overprescription of a PPI and individual multimorbidities adjusted for clinical characteristics (n = 280).
| Characteristics | Unadjusted model | Fully adjusted model | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | CI 95% | p-value* | OR | CI 95% | p-value* | |
| Age | 1.024 | [0.99–1.06] | 0.197 | 1.020 | [0.98–1.06] | 0.318 |
| Female sex | 1.008 | [0.41–1.30] | 0.292 | 1.365 | [0.70–2.67] | 0.364 |
| Living in nursing home | 1.535 | [0.76–3.08] | 0.229 | 1.308 | [0.58–2.93] | 0.515 |
| BMI | 0.985 | [0.91–1.06] | 0.704 | - | - | - |
| ADL/6 | 0.938 | [0.81–1.08] | 0.384 | - | - | - |
| Number of concomitant medications | 1.128 | [1.02–1.25] | 0.019 | 1.086 | [0.96–1.22] | 0.184 |
| Full dose of PPI | 0.604 | [0.35–1.04] | 0.067 | 0.647 | [0.34–1.22] | 0.176 |
| Microcytic anemia | 3.210 | [0.72–14.25] | 0.125 | 3.823 | [0.72–20.37] | 0.116 |
| Hiatal hernias | 1.202 | [0.56–2.58] | 0.637 | - | - | - |
| Type of concomitant medications | ||||||
| Antiaggregants, | 1.121 | [0.66–1.92] | 0.675 | 0.686 | [0.31–1.53] | 0.357 |
| Corticosteroids, | 7.017 | [1.64–29.99] | 0.009 | 5.390 | [1.20–24.27] | 0.028 |
| Anticoagulants, | 1.035 | [0.56–1.90] | 0.911 | 0.735 | [0.31–1.67] | 0.490 |
| Associated multimorbidities | ||||||
| CIRS | 1.084 | [1.01–1.17] | 0.032 | 0.994 | [0.88–1.12] | 0.923 |
| Cardiac diseases | 5.095 | [2.17–11.94] | <0.001 | 4.171 | [1.41–12.38] | 0.010 |
| Metabolic diseases | 1.830 | [1.01–3.30] | 0.046 | 2.143 | [1.03–4.47] | 0.042 |
| Esogastric diseases | 0.446 | [0.26–0.77] | 0.004 | 0.491 | [0.26–0.94] | 0.033 |
| Vascular diseases | 1.860 | [1.08–3.20] | 0.024 | 1.890 | [0.93–3.83] | 0.077 |
*based on independent samples chi-square or t-test as appropriate, with P significant at ≤0.05; significant P-values (i.e., ≤0.05) are indicated in bold