Table 3.

Quintiles of calorie-adjusted total calcium intake and (multivariable-) adjusted effect estimates for clinical outcomes

Quintiles of total calcium intake	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5
Disease recurrence (91 events among 857 men with prostate cancer)
Median total calcium intake [mg/day]	680	861	1011	1195	1577
Recurrent disease/all cases: n	22/172	15/171	10/171	21/171	23/172
Age-adj.a HR (95 % CI)	2.33 (1.11–1.93)	1.52 (0.68–3.38)	1.00	2.18 (1.03–4.64)	2.42 (1.15–5.09)
Age-Smk-BMI-adj.b HR (95 % CI)	2.30 (1.09–4.86)	1.51 (0.68–3.35)	1.00	2.21 (1.04–4.70)	2.49 (1.18–5.24)
Age-Smk-BMI-PSA-Dis-adj.c HR (95 % CI)	3.07 (1.41–6.69)	1.57 (0.69–3.58)	1.00	3.21 (1.47–7.00)	2.97 (1.37–6.45)
Disease aggressiveness (285 cases of aggressive disease among 886 men with prostate cancer)
Median total calcium intake [mg/day]	678	860	1009	1193	1582
Aggressive disease/all cases: n	68/177	58/177	43/178	52/177	64/177
Age-adj.d OR (95 % CI)	2.03 (1.28–3.21)	1.56 (0.98–2.49)	1.00	1.31 (0.81–2.10)	1.79 (1.13–2.84)
Age-Smk-BMI-adj.e OR (95 % CI)	2.00 (1.26–3.18)	1.59 (0.99–2.54)	1.00	1.31 (0.81–2.11)	1.86 (1.17–2.96)
Age-Smk-BMI-PSA-adj.f OR (95 % CI)	1.80 (1.11–2.91)	1.54 (0.95–2.50)	1.00	1.27 (0.78–2.08)	1.75 (1.08–2.85)

Effect estimates are either given as hazard ratio (HR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI)

^aAdjusted for age at diagnosis

^bAdditionally adjusted for smoking status (never, ever) and body mass index [kg/m²] (<25.0, 25.0–30.0, >30.0)

^cAdditionally adjusted for pathological stage (pT2, pT3a, ≥pT3b), Gleason score (5–6, 3 + 4, 4 + 3, 8–10), and prostate-specific antigen [ng/dL] (<4, 4–10, >10), or as odds ratio (OR) with 95 % CI

^dAdjusted for age at diagnosis

^eAdditionally adjusted for smoking status (never, ever) and body mass index [kg/m²] (<25.0, 25.0–30.0, >30.0)

^fAdditionally adjusted for prostate-specific antigen [ng/dL] (<4, 4–10, >10)