Table 2.

Meta-Analysis of Clinical Outcome

	k	N	d	95% CI	Q
Total	25	8843	0.34***	0.20 to 0.48	125.15***
Age of Sample					0.20
Adults	21	8090	0.33***	0.16 to 0.50
Children & Adolescents	4	753	0.43*	0.03 to 0.83
Participant Diagnosis					4.86
Addiction	7	6993	0.50***	0.26 to 0.73
Medical	11	1195	0.16	−0.06 to 0.37
Psychological	7	655	0.44**	0.14 to 0.73
Study Design					1.40
Treatment with Mobile vs. Treatment	10	1499	0.27*	0.04 to 0.50
Mobile vs. Treatment	4	284	0.55**	0.14 to 0.96
Mobile vs. No Treatment	11	7060	0.35**	0.13 to 0.57
Randomization					1.40
Randomized	24	8694	0.36***	0.21 to 0.51
Not Randomized	1	149	-	-
Form of Mobile Intervention					3.88
Smartphone App	7	943	0.57***	0.28 to 0.85
Text Messaging/Short Message Service	12	7211	0.31**	0.11 to 0.53
Personal Digital Assistant	6	689	0.16	−0.13 to 0.45

^*p < .05;

^**p <.01;

^***p < .001