Table 3.
Neuropsychological performance on subtests administered. Means below are unadjusted and presented as scaled scores. Cohen's d reflects between group differences (CON vs. MJ+ALC) adjusted for lifetime alcohol use.
| CON (n=59) M(SD) | MJ+ALC (n=49) M(SD) | Cohen's d | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 1.5 Years | 3 Years | Baseline | 1.5 Years | 3 Years | ||
| Complex Attention | |||||||
| CVLT-II Trial 1 z-Score | 0.1 (1.0) | −0.1 (0.8) | 0.2 (1.0) | 0.1 (1.1) | −0.4 (0.8) | 0.2 (1.1) | *0.7 |
| CVLT-II Trials 1-5 Total Recall T-Score | 54.1 (12.2) | 56.1 (9.5) | 59.1 (8.9) | 49.4 (19.3) | 53.6 (10.1) | 57.8 (9.1) | 0.3 |
| WAIS-III Arithmetic Scaled Score | 11.4 (2.5) | 11.5 (2.6) | 11.9 (2.8) | 11.0 (2.7) | 11.1 (2.4) | 11.5 (2.5) | 0.4 |
| WAIS-III Digit Span Total Scaled Score | 10.4 (2.8) | 11.3 (2.8) | 11.7 (2.5) | 10.4 (2.8) | 10.7 (2.5) | 11.1 (2.7) | 0.4 |
| WAIS-III Digit Span Forward, Raw Total Score | 10.9 (2.0) | 11.2 (2.2) | 11.4 (2.0) | 11.1 (2.1) | 11.2 (1.8) | 11.5 (1.9) | 0.2 |
| WAIS-III Digit Span Backward, Raw Total Score | 7.2 (2.2)* | 7.8 (2.3)* | 8.3 (2.0)* | 6.8 (2.2)* | 7.2 (2.3)* | 7.3 (2.5)* | *0.4-0.5 |
| Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test Raw Total Score | 34.9 (8.4) | 39.7 (8.7) | 42.6 (9.2) | 35.4 (10.4) | 37.0 (11.7) | 40.2 (10.4) | 0.4 |
| Processing Speed | |||||||
| WAIS-III Digit Symbol Scaled Score | 11.0 (2.0) | 11.5 (2.2) | 12.2 (2.4) | 10.4 (2.6) | 10.9 (2.7) | 11.6 (2.9) | 0.4 |
| D-KEFS TMT Visual Scanning | 11.5 (1.7) | 12.1 (1.5) | 12.3 (1.5) | 12.1 (1.4) | 12.1 (1.5) | 12.3 (1.4) | 0.2 |
| D-KEFS TMT Number Sequencing Scaled Score | 11.3 (2.6) | 12.2 (1.9) | 12.7 (1.7) | 11.3 (2.5) | 12.3 (1.9) | 12.6 (1.7) | 0.2 |
| D-KEFS TMT Letter Sequencing Scaled Score | 11.4 (2.4) | 12.7 (1.8) | 13.1 (1.4) | 11.6 (2.0) | 12.3 (2.1) | 12.7 (1.6) | 0.3 |
| D-KEFS TMT Motor Speed Scaled Score | 11.6 (2.2) | 12.5 (1.2) | 12.6 (1.0) | 12.2 (1.3) | 12.4 (1.0) | 12.4 (1.0) | 0.1 |
| Verbal Memory | |||||||
| WMS-III Logical Memory I Immediate Recall Scaled Score | 9.7 (2.9) | 11.1 (2.7)† | 12.1 (2.6)† | 9.9 (3.0) | 10.4 (2.8)† | 11.5 (3.0)† | †0.6 |
| WMS-III Logical Memory II Delayed Recall Scaled Score | 10.6 (2.9) | 11.9 (2.6) | 12.6 (2.8) | 10.6 (3.0) | 11.3 (2.9) | 12.6 (2.8) | 0.3 |
| WMS-III Logical Memory Recognition Total Raw Score | 26.3 (2.5)* | 26.7 (2.7)* | 27.5 (1.9)* | 25.7 (2.8)* | 26.2 (2.4)* | 26.4 (2.9)* | *0.5-0.8 |
| CVLT-II Short Delay Free Recall z-Score | 0.2 (0.9) | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.7 (0.8) | 0.2 (0.8) | 0.3 (1.0) | 0.6 (0.9) | 0.2 |
| CVLT-II Short Delay Cued Recall z-Score | 0.1 (1.0) | 0.5 (0.9) | 0.6 (0.7) | 0.0 (0.8) | 0.3 (1.1) | 0.6 (0.7) | 0.2 |
| CVLT-II Long Delay Free Recall z-Score | 0.1 (1.0) | 0.3 (1.0) | 0.6 (0.8) | 0.1 (0.9) | 0.1 (1.1) | 0.5 (0.8) | 0.2 |
| CVLT-II Long Delay Cued Recall z-Score | 0.0 (0.9) | 0.5 (0.8) | 0.5 (0.8) | −0.2 (1.1) | 0.3 (1.0) | 0.5 (0.7) | 0.1 |
| CVLT-II Recognition Discriminability z-Score | 0.1 (0.9) | 0.4 (0.8) | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.8) | 0.1 (1.0) | 0.4 (0.7) | 0.0 |
| Visuospatial Functioning | |||||||
| Complex Figure Copy Accuracy Raw Score | 28.4 (3.3) | 28.4 (3.2)* | 30.1 (3.2) | 28.9 (3.9) | 27.2 (3.9)* | 30.0 (3.2) | *0.4 |
| Complex Figure Delay Accuracy Raw Score | 18.3 (4.5) | 21.0 (5.5) | 21.9 (6.3) | 17.8 (5.5) | 20.8 (4.6) | 21.8 (5.6) | 0.1 |
| WASI Block Design T-Score | 55.5 (7.9) | 59.7 (6.2) | 61.1 (6.4) | 57.2 (7.4) | 59.9 (5.4) | 60.7 (6.2) | 0.1 |
| Executive Functioning | |||||||
| D-KEFS TMT Number-Letter Switching Scaled Score | 10.6 (2.2) | 11.4 (1.8) | 11.7 (2.0) | 10.5 (2.1) | 11.2 (1.7) | 11.9 (1.4) | 0.3 |
| D-KEFS Verbal Letter Fluency Scaled Score | 12.3 (3.0) | 12.6 (3.2) | 13.0 (2.9) | 13.0 (3.2) | 12.6 (3.0) | 12.7 (2.9) | 0.1 |
| D-KEFS Towers Test Total Achievement Scaled Score | 9.6 (1.5) | 11.5 (2.5) | 12.7 (2.2) | 10.1 (2.5) | 11.7 (2.4) | 12.5 (2.3) | −0.2 |
*
p<.05, raw scores
†
p<05, scaled scores