Table 2.
Summary of studies in which VP system parameters are not different between males and females
| VP measure | Species | Region | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| VP-ir neurons | C57BL/6J mice | PVN | Joca et al., 2013 |
| California mice | PVN, SON | Steinman et al., 2015 | |
| Prairie, pine, and meadow voles | PVN, SON, SCN | Wang, 1995; Wang et al., 1996 | |
| Mongolian gerbil | PVN, MPOA, LH, AH | Wang et al., 2013 | |
| Chinese hamster | PVN, MPOA, LH, AH | Wang et al., 2013 | |
| Golden hamsters | PVN | Delville et al., 1994 | |
| Macaques | BNSN, MeA, PVN, SCN, SON, dorsomedial hypothalamus, LC, NTS, diagonal band | Caffé et al., 1989 | |
| Humans | PVN, SON, BNST | Fliers et al., 1985; 1986 | |
| VP-ir fibers | Macaques | medial septum, BNST, amygdala, hippocampus, VTA, peraquaductal gray, raphe, LC, NTS, parabrachial nuclei, diagonal band | Caffé et al., 1989 |
| VP mRNA | Wistar rats (weanling) | PVN | Paul et al., 2014 |
| Wistar rats (juveniles) | PVN, SCN | Taylor et al., 2012 | |
| Wistar rats (adults) | PVN, SON | current article: Table 4 | |
| V1aR binding | Wistar rats | ICj, NAc, LS, BNSTld, BNSTlp, LH, ArcN, SCN, ventromedial thalamus, IPAC, CeA | Figs. 1 & 2 |
| C57B6 mice | CA1, SSc, LS, VTA | Hammock & Levitt, 2012 | |
| ICR mice | subfornical organ, LS, PVN, paraventricular thalamus, mammillary complex, parabrachial nucleus, area postrema- nucleus of the solitary tract, and hypoglossal nucleus | Tribollet et al., 2002 | |
| P. maniculatus & p. californicus mice | OB, LS, septohippocampal nucleus, VP, neocortex, lateral olfactory tract, PVN, reunion thalamic nuclei | Insel et al., 1991 | |
| Singing mice | OB, VP, LS, BNST, globus pallidus, indusium griseum, MeA, CeA, AH, LH, PVN, SON, supramammillary nucleus, thalamus, dorsal lateral geniculate, periaqueductal gray | Campbell et al., 2009 | |
| Prairie voles | VP, MeA, MPOA, BNST, LS, cingulate Ctx, mediodorsal thalamus | Bales et al., 2007a | |
| Tuco-tuco | OB, PFC, indusium griseum, NAc, VP, LS, ArcN, DG | Beery et al., 2008 | |
| Rhesus monkeys | PFC, cingulate Ctx, PC, insular Ctx, entorhinal Ctx, presubiculum, LS, BNST, diagonal band, MPOA, globus pallidus, SCN, SON, CeA, MeA, VMH, infundibulum, mammillary bodies, parabrachial nucleus, LC, inferior olive | Young et al., 1999 | |
| Humans | dorsal LS, BNST, midline and rostral thalamic nuclei, DG, basal amygdala, brainstem | Loup et al., 1991 | |
| Plasma VP | Humans | n/a | Gouin et al., 2012 |
AH, anterior hypothalamus; ArcN, arcuate nucleus; AVthal, anteroventral thalamus; BNST, bed nucleus of the stria; BNSTld, lateral dorsal BNST; BNSTlp, lateral posterior BNST; terminalis; CA1, CA1 region of the hippocampus; CeA, central amygdala, Ctx, cortex; DG, dentate gyrus; ICj, Islands of Calleja; IPAC, nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure; LC, locus coeruleus; LH, lateral hypothalamus; LS, lateral septum; MeA, medial amygdala; MPOA, medial preoptic area; NAc, nucleus accumbens, NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract; OB, olfactory bulb; PFC, prefrontal cortex; PVN, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus; SCN, suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus; SON, supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus; SSc, somatosensory cortex; StigH, stigmoid hypothalamus; VMH, ventral medial hypothalamus; VP, ventral pallidum; VTA, ventral tegmental area; n/a, not applicable.