Table 1.

Parameter estimates concerning the effects of parent gender, child gender, child age and parenting practices on child internalizing problems

Parameters	Estimate
Parent gendera	.11
Child genderb	.13
Child age	−.19***
Conditionc	1.38***
Positive reinforcement	.02
Punishment	.15**
Force	−.03
Modeling/reassurance	−.15***
Reinforcement of dependency	.04

* p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001

^a0 = fathers; 1 = mothers

^b0 = girls; 1 = boys

^c0 = control children; 1 = clinically anxious children