Table 4.
Roles of miRNAs in lung fibroblasts.
| S. NO | miRNA | Cell type | Species | Regulation on notable target genes and validation method | Putative role | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | miR-21 | MRC-5 | Human | ↓ Smad 7 (Western blot) | Promotes fibroblast transdifferentiation | Liu et al., 2010b |
| 2 | miR-29 | IMR-90 | Human | ↓ ECM genes (Col5A1, Col5A2, FBN1, LOXL2, FSTL1, PDGFC and SERPINH1), BM related genes (SPARC and Col4A1), Intergrins (ITGA5 and ITGAV), Genes involved in proteolysis and ECM remodeling (ADAM12, ADAM19 and BMP1) and IL-1 pathway (IL1RAP) (mRNA array analysis) | Negative regulators of fibrotic phenotype | Cushing et al., 2011 |
| 3 | miR-200b, 200c | Primary normal and IPF lung fibroblast | Human and mouse | No specific target defined | Attenuates fibroblast transdifferentiation | Yang et al., 2012 |
| 4 | miR-154 | Primary normal and IPF lung fibroblast | Human | WNT/β-catenin pathway (↑ FZD5, CTNNB1,FZD4,FZD6,KREMEN1, LRP5, WISP1 and β-catenin) (qRT-PCR and western blot) | Promotes proliferation and migration | Milosevic et al., 2012 |
| 5 | miR-199a-5p | MRC-5 | Human | ↓ Caveolin-1 (qRT-PCR and western blot) | Pathogenic activation of fibroblast | Lino Cardenas et al., 2013 |
| 6 | miR-17 ∼ 19 cluster | IPF fibroblast | Human | ↓DNMT-1 (Methyl-Profiler DNA Methylation qPCR Primer Assays) | Reverse fibrotic phenotype | Dakhlallah et al., 2013 |
| 7 | miR-145 | MRC-5 and lung fibroblast | Human and mouse | ↓ KLF4 (Western blot) | Promotes fibroblast transdifferentiation | Yang et al., 2013a |
| 8 | miR-29 | IMR90 | Human | ↓ PI3K-Akt pathway (Western blot) | Reverse fibrotic phenotype | Yang et al., 2013b |
| 9 | miR-326 | NIH/3T3 | Mouse | ↓ TGF-β1, SMAD3 and Ets; ↑ (SMAD 7) (ELISA and western blot) | Attenuates fibroblast proliferation and fiobrotic related genes | Das et al., 2014 |
| 10 | miR-92a | Primary Lung fibroblast | Human | ↓ WISP1 (qRT-PCR and ELISA) | Suppresses pro-fibrotic mediator | Berschneider et al., 2014 |
| 11 | miR-96 | Normal and IPF fibroblast | Human | ↓ Fox03 (qRT-PCR and western blot) | Promotes proliferation and maintains fibrotic phenotype | Nho et al., 2014 |
| 12 | miR-26a | MRC-5 | Human | ↓ pSmad3 and CTGF (Western blot and luciferase assay) | Attenuates fibroblast transdifferentiation | Liang et al., 2014b |
| 13 | miR-29b | Primary IPF lung fibroblast | Human | No specific target defined | Reverse fibrotic phenotype | Montgomery et al., 2014 |
| 14 | miR-210 | IPF fibroblast | Human | ↓ MNT (Western blot) | Promotes proliferation | Bodempudi et al., 2014 |
| 15 | miR-26a | Primary fetal lung fibroblast | Human | ↓ Cyclin D2, TGF-βR1 and TGF-β2 (qRT-PCR and western blot) | Suppresses proliferation | Li et al., 2014 |
| 16 | Let-7d | Primary fetal lung fibroblast | Human | ↓ HMGA2, SLUG, ID1 and ID2 (Micro array and qRT-PCR) | Reverse fibrotic phenotype | Huleihel et al., 2014 |