Figure 2. Prevalence of AI disease co-morbidities and estimates of genetic correlation (co-heritability) across pAIDs.
(a) Observed prevalence of pAID comorbidity observed in Caucasian populations in Europe and North America as curated from large-scale cohort studies. For each pairwise combination (for example, Disease 1–Disease 2), the rate (y axis) indicates the percentage of patients with Disease 2 who have also been diagnosed with Disease 1. Literature data used and references can be found in Supplementary Table 9. (b) Bivariate estimates of genetic correlation (pairwise co-heritability) across pAIDs. The heritability (SNP-h2) for the first and second disease are shown for each pAID pair (blue and green bars, respectively) along with the genetic correlation (rG) for the pair estimated based on total autosomal common genetic variants (orange) and based on autosomal variants excluding the MHC (red). Displayed are those pairs for which the rG estimates reached nominal significance (P<0.05). P-values are based on restricted maximum likelihood ratio test. Error bars represent standard error. (c) Genetic sharing using the genome-wide pairwise sharing statistic (GPS). Correlation plot of the P-values obtained from the genome-wide pairwise shared analysis. Significant P-values support evidence of genetic sharing based on the correlation of significant association findings reported by GWAS for each pair of diseases.