Table 4.
Individual characteristics accounting for differences in participation during aggressive between-group encounters in our study population of vervet monkeys. Parameter estimates (B) and significance values were obtained from a binomial GLMM. Italics denote p-values < 0.05. nobs. = 1271, on 58 individuals in three groups over 120 BGEs; 
p < 0.05.
| variable | B | s.e. | z-value | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| intercept | −2.816 | 0.52 | ||
| sex | ||||
| male | — | — | — | — |
| female | −0.382 | 0.39 | 0.98 | 0.329 |
| rank | ||||
| dominant | — | — | — | — |
| subordinate | −2.031 | 0.68 | −2.99 | 0.003 |
| interaction | ||||
| sex × rank | 1.371 | 0.82 | 1.67 | 0.095 |