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Calculated feather density and counts from model. LSA, lateral surface area.
| penguin | ventral contour (feathers cm−2) | dorsal contour (feathers cm−2) | LSA cm2 | contour feather estimate | insulative feather estimate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2 | 8.7 | 5.8 | 3327 | 24 124 | 120 620 |
| EP3 | 9 | 6.5 | 3901 | 30 234 | 151 172 |
| EP4 | 13.5 | 10.5 | 2447 | 29 368 | 146 840 |
