Table 3.

Prevalence of severe outcomes^a by selected characteristics among asthma patients who were hospitalized or who died with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection

Characteristics	Severe outcome n/N (%)	Unadjusted OR	P value	95% CI
Age (years)
18–49	40/108 (37)	1·68	0·16	0·82–3·46
≥50	14/54 (26)
Sex
Female	30/102 (29)	0·63	0·17	0·32–1·22
Male	24/60 (40)
Race/ethnicity
White, non‐Hispanic	22/55 (40)
Hispanic	11/38 (29)	0·61	0·27	0·25–1·48
Black, non‐Hispanic	7/23 (30)	0·66	0·43	0·23–1·86
Asian–Pacific Islander, non‐Hispanic	6/12 (50)	1·50	0·53	0·43–5·25
Asthma classification
Intermittent	24/76 (32)
Mild persistent	10/30 (33)	1·08	0·86	0·44–2·66
Moderate persistent	5/9 (56)	2·71	0·15	0·67–10·99
Severe persistent	3/11 (27)	0·81	0·77	0·20–3·34
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 in age ≥ 20 years)
Present	16/46 (35)	0·40	0·09	0·14–1·15
Absent	12/21 (57)
Pregnancy (female aged 15–44 years)
Present	5/13 (38)	1·53	0·72	0·39–5·95
Absent	9/31 (29)
Any chronic condition
Present	43/128 (34)		0·06
Absent	0/8 (0)
Cancer
Present	1/4 (25)	0·66	>0·99	0·07–6·50
Absent	53/158 (34)
Cardiac diseases
Present	10/31 (32)	0·89	0·80	0·38–2·08
Absent	41/118 (35)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Present	9/31 (29)	0·78	0·57	0·33–1·84
Absent	45/131 (34)
Diabetes
Present	8/26 (31)	0·87	0·76	0·35–2·15
Absent	46/136 (34)
HIV
Present	2/5 (40)	1·35	>0·99	0·22–8·31
Absent	52/157 (33)
Neuromuscular
Present	11/21 (52)	2·39	0·06	0·94–6·07
Absent	41/130 (32)
Renal diseases
Present	7/11 (64)	3·87	0·04	1·08–13·87
Absent	47/151 (31)
Infiltrates on chest radiograph
Present	41/76 (54)	9·71	<0·01	3·93–23·99
Absent	7/65 (11)
Antivirals
Administered within 48 hours	10/45 (22)	0·37	0·02	0·15–0·89
Not administered within 48 hours	37/85 (44)

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus infection.

^aDefined as ICU stay or death.