Table 1.
Recommended Treatment Regimen for Naegleria fowleri Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
Medication | Dose | Route | Maximum Dose | Duration | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amphotericin B*1 | 1.5 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses | IV | 1.5 mg/kg/day | 3 days | |
then | 1 mg/kg/day once daily | IV | 11 days | 14-day course | |
Amphotericin B*1 | 1.5 mg once daily | Intrathecal | 1.5 mg/day | 2 days | |
then | 1 mg/day every other day | Intrathecal | 8 days | 10-day course | |
Azithromycin12 | 10 mg/kg/day once daily | IV/PO | 500 mg/day | 28 days | |
Fluconazole3 | 10 mg/kg/day once daily | IV/PO | 600 mg/day | 28 days | |
Rifampin1,3 | 10 mg/kg/day once daily | IV/PO | 600 mg/day | 28 days | |
Miltefosine13 | Weight < 45 kg: 50 mg BID | ||||
Weight > 45 kg: 50 mg TID | PO | 2.5 mg/kg/day | 28 days | 50 mg tablets | |
Dexamethasone3,24 | 0.6mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses | IV | 0.6mg/kg/day | 4 days |
Conventional amphotericin preferred.
All medications should be started in combination as soon as the diagnosis is suspected. Intrathecal amphotericin B should be initiated if the patient develops signs/symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. Miltefosine should be started once available.