Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Sample (for continuous variables the mean plus/minus the standard deviation is provided).
| Variable | Control (n=25) | Cognitive (n=23) | Exercise (n=24) | Combined (n=24) | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 64 ± 7 | 64 ± 4 | 67 ± 6 | 65 ± 6 | 0.274 |
| Sex (% Female, n) | 60 (15) | 70 (16) | 71 (17) | 67 (13) | 0.856 |
| Caucasian (%, n) | 96 (24) | 78 (18) | 71 (17) | 88 (21) | 0.080 |
| Years Education** | 16 ± 2 | 17 ± 2 | 15 ± 2 | 16 ± 2 | 0.023 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29 ± 5 | 28 ± 5 | 29 ± 5 | 29 ± 6 | 0.852 |
| MMSE Score | 29 ± 1 | 29 ± 2 | 29 ± 1 | 29 ± 1 | 0.209 |
| GDS Score | 1 ± 1 | 1 ± 2 | 1 ± 1 | 1 ± 2 | 0.866 |
| V02peak, ml/kg/min | 23.3 ± 3.8 | 21.7 ± 3.8 | 21.2 ± 4.4 | 21.5 ± 5.1 | 0.353 |
*
Chi-square tests were used to compare the between-group difference for categorical variables; analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare the between group difference for continuous variables.
**
PControl vs. Cognitive = 0.018, PCognitive vs. Exercise= 0.005