Table 2. Cross-classified Multilevel Model Parameter Estimations for Measures of the Dutch Speaking Proficiency Test (Standard Errors in Parentheses) per Mother Tongue and Country of Birth.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 Final Model | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | 512.55*** (2.78) | 512.77*** (2.86) | 512.78*** (2.86) | 510.13*** (1.98) | 514.39*** (1.98) | 513.23*** (1.91) | 513.30*** (1.94) |
| Female | 7.87*** (.48) | 7.70*** (.47) | 7.71*** (.47) | 7.66*** (.47) | 7.52*** (.49) | 7.52*** (.49) | 7.99*** (.59) |
| Length ofResidence (LoR) | 1.04*** (.06) | 1.04*** (.06) | 1.04*** (.06) | 1.04*** (.06) | 1.04*** (.06) | 1.04*** (.06) | |
| Age of Arrival(AoA) | –1.00*** (.04) | –.99*** (.04) | –.98*** (.04) | –.98*** (.04) | –.98*** (.04) | –.98*** (.04) | |
| Number of HoursDutch (Lessons) | –.47*** (.05) | –.47*** (.05) | –.47*** (.05) | –.47*** (.05) | –.47*** (.05) | –.47*** (.05) | |
| Years ofEducation | .95*** (.08) | .93*** (.08) | .93*** (.08) | .93*** (.08) | .93*** (.08) | .93*** (.08) | |
| Female*LoR | –.15 (.12) | –.16 (.12) | –.21 (.13) | –.21 (.13) | –.21 (.13) | ||
| Female*AoA | –.09 (.07) | –.09 (.07) | –.05 (.07) | –.05 (.07) | –.05 (.07) | ||
| Female*Lessons | –.16 (.09) | –.16 (.10) | –.20 (.10) | –.20 (.10) | –.22* (.10) | ||
| Female*Education | .74*** (.16) | .74*** (.16) | .68*** (.16) | .68*** (.16) | .71*** (.16) | ||
| Gross Enrolment | .17* (.07) | .17* (.07) | .16* (.06) | .16* (.06) | |||
| Africa | –19.99***(6.11) | –19.11*** (6.11) | –18.75*** (5.72) | –18.68** (5.75) | |||
| Middle East | –9.30 (5.50) | –9.52 (5.50) | –9.83 (5.12) | –9.61 (5.18) | |||
| East Asia | –22.36*** (5.34) | –24.00*** (5.35) | –11.44 (6.50) | –11.61 (6.58) | |||
| South Asia | –12.71 (7.91) | –13.60 (7.90) | –13.38 (7.35) | –13.04 (7.44) | |||
| Central and South America | .10 (6.65) | .78 (6.64) | –.33 (6.19) | –.11 (6.27) | |||
| Female*Gross Enrolment | –.00 (.03) | –.00 (.03) | –.01 (.03) | ||||
| Female*Africa | 5.21* (2.36) | 5.11* (2.36) | 4.89* (2.37) | ||||
| Female*Middle East | 2.09 (1.68) | 2.05 (1.68) | 1.73 (1.70) | ||||
| Female*East Asia | 7.20** (2.33) | 7.08** (2.33) | 3.41 (3.50) | ||||
| Female*South Asia | –2.53 (3.22) | –2.55 (3.22) | –2.58 (3.22) | ||||
| Female*Central and South America | –4.87* (2.47) | –4.91* (2.47) | –4.60 (2.48) | ||||
| Morphological Complexity | -90.14** (29.69) | -86.86** (30.45) | |||||
| Female* Morphological Complexity | 23.74 (16.84) | ||||||
| Residual | 1063.83*** (9.33) | 1016.52*** (8.92) | 1015.55*** (8.91) | 1015.90*** (8.92) | 1014.71*** (8.91) | 1014.91*** (8.91) | 1014.79*** (8.91) |
| Variance Mother Tongue | 225.85** (79.21) | 245.32** (82.97) | 245.60** (83.57) | 105.22** (33.13) | 104.90** (33.19) | 98.92** (32.37) | 102.78** (33.60) |
| Variance Country | 192.67*** (45.32) | 193.00*** (45.02) | 193.79*** 45.35) | 78.34*** (20.01) | 77.87*** (20.05) | 62.99*** (17.62) | 64.43*** (18.00) |
| -2 Log Likelihood | 256,166 | 254,998 | 254,980 | 254,882 | 254,836 | 254,819 | 254,809 |
*: p < .05
**: p < .01
***: p < .001