Table 5. Cross-Classified Multilevel Model Parameter Estimations for Measures of the Dutch Listening Proficiency Test (Standard Errors in Parentheses) per Mother Tongue and Country of Birth.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 Final Model | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | 507.72*** (3.42) | 508.47*** (3.48) | 508.49*** (3.48) | 509.56*** (2.55) | 509.77*** (2.56) | 508.89*** (2.55) | 508.87*** (2.54) |
| Female | .54 (.48) | .79 (.47) | .79 (.47) | .74 (.47) | .72 (.49) | .71 (.49) | .45 (.59) |
| Length of Residence (LoR) | .89*** (.06) | .89*** (.06) | .90*** (.06) | .90*** (.06) | .90*** (.06) | .90*** (.06) | |
| Age of Arrival (AoA) | –.74*** (.04) | –.73*** (.04) | –.73*** (.04) | –.73*** (.04) | –.73*** (.04) | –.73*** (.04) | |
| Number of Hours Dutch (Lessons) | –.74*** (.05) | –.74*** (.05) | –.74*** (.05) | –.74*** (.05) | –.74*** (.05) | –.74*** (.05) | |
| Years of Education | 2.14*** (.08) | 2.11*** (.08) | 2.11*** (.08) | 2.11*** (.08) | 2.11*** (.08) | 2.11*** (.08) | |
| Female* LoR | –.02 (.12) | –.03 (.12) | –.07 (.12) | –.07 (.12) | –.06 (.12) | ||
| Female*AoA | –.16* (.07) | –.17* (.07) | –.14* (.07) | –.14* (.07) | –.14 (.07) | ||
| Female*Lessons | –.19* (09) | –.19* (09) | –.23* (10) | –.23* (10) | –.22* (10) | ||
| Female*Education | 1.10*** (.16) | 1.10*** (.16) | 1.06*** (.16) | 1.07*** (.16) | 1.05*** (.16) | ||
| Gross Enrolment | .19** (.07) | .19** (.07) | .18** (.07) | .18** (.07) | |||
| Africa | –21.32*** (6.42) | –20.57*** (6.45) | –20.35*** (6.24) | –20.34*** (6.22) | |||
| Middle East | –10.61 (5.71) | –10.67 (5.73) | –10.67 (5.54) | –10.73 (5.53) | |||
| East Asia | –21.05*** (6.25) | –22.07*** (6.29) | –12.32 (7.66) | –12.38 (7.63) | |||
| South Asia | –11.84 (8.34) | –12.72 (8.37) | –12.62 (8.10) | –12.74 (8.08) | |||
| Central and South America | –4.39 (7.11) | –4.46 (7.14) | –5.10 (6.89) | –5.18 (6.87) | |||
| Female*Gross Enrolment | –.02 (.03) | –.02 (.03) | –.02 (.03) | ||||
| Female*Africa | 3.04 (2.34) | 3.00 (2.34) | 3.12 (2.35) | ||||
| Female*Middle East | .96 (1.67) | .95 (1.67) | 1.12 (1.68) | ||||
| Female*East Asia | 4.14 (2.32) | 4.10 (2.32) | 6.16 (3.49) | ||||
| Female*South Asia | –5.08 (3.20) | –5.07 (3.20) | –5.06 (3.20) | ||||
| Female*Central and South America | –.30 (2.46) | –.30 (2.46) | –.49 (2.47) | ||||
| Morphological Complexity | –82.16* (38.89) | 83.34* (38.78) | |||||
| Female* Morphological Complexity | –13.28 (16.85) | ||||||
| Residual | 1076.16*** (9.34) | 1021.81*** (8.87) | 1019.79*** (8.85) | 1019.98*** (8.85) | 1019.48*** (8.85) | 1019.56*** (8.85) | 1019.60*** (8.85) |
| Variance Mother tongue | 400.90*** (114.69) | 421.40*** (120.52) | 423.45*** (121.52) | 233.26*** (61.49) | 234.99*** (61.98) | 229.65*** (59.79) | 227.64*** (59.36) |
| Variance Country | 213.75*** (47.93) | 211.72*** (47.71) | 211.82*** (47.91) | 68.61*** (18.59) | 68.99*** (18.65) | 62.44*** (17.03) | 62.04*** (16.94) |
| -2 Log Likelihood | 262,217 | 260,853 | 260,808 | 260,702 | 260,674 | 260,661 | 260,653 |
*: p < .05
**: p < .01
***: p < .001