Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Transl Res. 2015 May 5;167(1):183–191. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.04.015

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Pathophysiological pathways in experimental ALI. These involve component activation, engagement of the two C5a receptors, and engagement of TLRs and NLRs. PAMPs are pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as LPS released from gram negative bacteria and LTA released from gram positive bacteria. DAMPs are danger-associated molecular patterns released from damaged tissues (HMGB1, heat shock proteins, DNA, RNA, etc.). Downstream events include release of cytokines and chemokines, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and release of histones which are highly cell and tissue damaging.