. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Transl Res. 2015 May 5;167(1):183–191. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.04.015

Table 3.

Ongoing Immunomodulatory Clinical Trials in ARDS

Molecular Target	Therapeutic	Trial Design	Outcome Measures
1. Anti-inflammatory	a. Low dose hydrocortisone	Multi-center Phase II/III RCT	Mortality, ARDS severity
	b. Vitamin C	Multi-center Phase II RCT	ARDS severity
	c. Vitamin D	Phase I/II RCT	Prevention of ARDS
2. Growth factors	d. GM-CSF	Multi-center Phase III RCT (planned)	Mortality, prevention and severity of ARDS
3. Coagulation/complement cascade	e. Nebulized heparin	Multi-center Phase II RCT	Prevention and severity of ARDS
	f. Aspirin (LIPS-A)	Multi-center Phase II RCT	ARDS prevention, mortality
4. Stem cell therapy	g. Allogeneic MSC infusion	Multi-center Phase I/II open label, dose escalation	Safety, ARDS severity