Table I. Cross validation of Targets.

Prioritized targets evaluated for known effects in other cancer hallmark areas.

Potential targets for inflammation1	Inhibit Cox-2	Inhibit NF- κB	Block MIF	Block TNFα	Block iNOS	Block AKT	Inhibit CXC chemokines
Other hallmarks
Genomic Instability	+ [681]	+ [682]	0	0	0	+ [683–685]	0
Sustained Proliferative Signaling	+ [686–688]	+ [689–691]	+ [54, 692]	+ [693, 694]	+ [695]	+ [696]	+ [697]
Evasion of Anti-growth Signaling	+ [698, 699]	0	+ [53, 700]	+ [701, 702]	+ [703]	+ [704]	+ [705]
Resistance to Apoptosis	+ [706]	+ [707]	+ [708]	+ [709]	+ [710]	+ [711]	+ [712]
Replicative Immortality	+ [713–715]	+/− [716–718]	+ [719, 720]	+ [721]	0	+ [711, 722, 723]	0
Deregulated Metabolism	+ [724]	+ [725–727]	0	+ [728–731]	+ [732, 733]	+ [234, 734–736]	0
Immune System Evasion	+ [737, 738]	+ [739]	+ [740]	− [44]	0	+ [741]	+/− [742]
Angiogenesis	− [743]	+/− [744, 745]	+ [54, 55, 746]	+/− [154]	− [747]	+ [748]	+/− [749]
Tissue Invasion and Metastasis	+ [750–753]	+ [754]	+ [755, 756]	+ [757]	+ [758]	+ [759]	+ [760]
Tumor Microenvironment	+ [761]	+ [762]	+ [763]	+ [764]	+/− [765]	+ [766, 767]	+/− [768, 769]

¹Targets that were found to have complementary, anticarcinogenic actions reported in another hallmark area were indicated with “+“, while targets that were found to have procarcinogenic actions in another hallmark area were indicated with “−”. In instances where reports on relevant actions in other hallmark areas were mixed (i.e., reports showing both anticarcinogenic potential and procarcinogenic potential), the symbol “+/− ” was used. Finally, in instances where no literature support was found to document the relevance of a target in a particular aspect of cancer's biology, we documented this as “0”. These cross-hallmark relationships are reported in the first eleven columns of the table. The number of anticarcinogenic, procarcinogenic and mixed cross-hallmark relationships for each target have been summed and are reported in the last three columns of the table.