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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 15.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2015 May 5;96:110–134. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.019

Figure 2. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of cardiac tissue ultrastructure.

Figure 2

(A) A schematic of the ultrastructural features of a cardiomyocyte. The grey shading denotes the general banding pattern of the structures as seen by TEM. (B) Adult human cardiac tissue indicating uniform sarcomere size, a high degree of alignment, clear H-zones and M-lines, as well as transverse tubules (white arrows). Insert. The T-tubule is closely associated with the adjacent SR. Reproduced with permission from: Zhang et al. (2013) Cardiovasc Res. 98(2):269 [281]. (C) Aggregates of hESC-CMs (left panel) and hECTs (right panel); red line = sarcomere, black arrow = Z-disc, white arrow = H-zone. Reproduced with permission from: Thavandiran et al (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 110(49):E4698 [234]. (D) Unstimulated (control, top panels) and electrically-stimulated hECTs (6Hz, bottom panels) demonstrating sarcomeric structure (white bar = sarcomere, black arrow = Z-disc, white arrow = H zones, m = mitochondria, left panels) and desmosomes (white arrows, right panels); scale bars =1μm. Reproduced with permission from: Nunes et al. (2013) Nat Methods. 10(8):781 [241]. (E) Human iPSC-derived EBs (left panel) and hECTs (right panel); F = myofibril bundle, Z = Z-disc. Reproduced with permission from: Lu et al. (2013) Nat Commun. 4:2307 [5].