Table 4.
Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus and their co-infection status among different populations from Middle East and North Africa countries between 2005 and 2015
| Country | n | Mean age/age | HIV (%) | HBV (%) | HCV (%) | HIV-HBV co-infection (%) | HIV-HCV co-infection (%) | Triple infection (%) | Ref. |
| HIV infected individuals | |||||||||
| Iran | 64 | - | - | - | - | 18.8 | NS | NS | [49] |
| 168 | 38.7 | - | - | - | NS | 87.5 | NS | [50] | |
| 1338 | 32-42 | - | - | - | NS | 78.0 | NS | [51] | |
| 106 | 36.6 | - | - | - | 20.8 | 67.0 | NR | [52] | |
| 80 | 37.0 | - | - | - | 11.3 | 33.8 | 25.0 | [53] | |
| 130 | 50.2 | - | - | - | 11.5 | 77.0 | 9.2 | [54] | |
| 391 | - | - | - | - | 14.5 | 72.0 | 7.9 | [55] | |
| 201 | 36.0 | - | - | - | 44.3 | 67.2 | 36.3 | [56] | |
| 1444 | 38.4 | - | - | - | NS | 78.4 | NS | [57] | |
| Morocco | 503 | 39.0 | - | - | - | 29.4 | 5.4 | NR | [58] |
| Sudan | 358 | 35.0 | - | - | - | 26.8 | NS | NS | [59] |
| Turkey | 949 | 37.9 | - | - | - | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | [60] |
| Blood donors | |||||||||
| Cyprus | 5057 | 34.5 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | [61] |
| Iran | 6499851 | - | < 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 | NR | NR | NR | [62] |
| 2026628 | 38.0 | < 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | NR | NR | NR | [63] | |
| UAE | 592 | - | 1.2 | 67.2 | 31.6 | NR | NR | NR | [64] |
| Others | |||||||||
| Cyprus | |||||||||
| Soldiers | 12488 | 34.5 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | [61] |
| Iran | |||||||||
| HBV patients | 264 | 41.6 | 0.4 | - | 4.5 | 0.4 | NR | NR | [65] |
| HIV infected patients’ partners | 168 | 33.2 | NR | NS | NR | NS | 9.5 | NS | [50] |
| Non-injecting drug users | 336 | 28.5 | 1.5 | 5.6 | 4.5 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.9 | [31] |
| Referral from behavioral counseling center | 379 | 29.7 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 35.6 | 0.8 | 3.4 | 0.3 | [66] |
| Libya | |||||||||
| General Population | 9170 | 34.0 | 0.2 | 3.7 | 0.9 | < 0.1 | 0.1 | < 0.1 | [67] |
| Medical waste handlers | 300 | - | 0.0 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | [68] |
| Non-Medical waste handlers | 300 | - | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | [68] |
| Turkey | |||||||||
| ER patients | 1000 | 51.7 | 0.0 | 5.0 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | [69] |
| In and out-patients | 97000-225000 | - | 0.3 | 33.9 | 1.2 | NR | NR | NR | [70] |
All number were rounded to the nearest 1. n: Sample size; NR: Not reported; NS: Not studied; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.