Table 1. Anatomic regions of PDRP–ALFF derived from resting-state fMRI.
| Brain region |
MNI coordinates |
Peak value | Cluster size (mm3) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | y | z | |||
| Decreased activity | |||||
| L caudate nucleus | −6 | 3 | 12 | 3.11 | 1,350 |
| R caudate nucleus | 9 | −3 | 18 | 2.78 | 756 |
| L anterior putamen | −21 | 9 | 3 | 0.97 | 2,754 |
| R anterior putamen | 25 | 11 | −4 | 0.59 | 1,107 |
| L middle frontal gyrus (BA 8) | −27 | 18 | 51 | 1.39 | 729 |
| L middle frontal gyrus (BA 10) | −30 | 51 | 21 | 1.49 | 540 |
| R middle frontal gyrus (BA 46) | 48 | 33 | 18 | 1.65 | 729 |
| R supplementary motor area (BA 6) | 2 | 12 | 51 | 3.10 | 11,232 |
| L precuneus (BA 7) | −6 | −66 | 63 | 4.03 | 567 |
| R lingual (BA 18) | 24 | −93 | −15 | 6.46 | 16,308 |
| R middle occipital gyrus (BA 19) | 48 | −72 | 9 | 1.74 | 540 |
| L inferior temporal gyrus (BA 20) | −54 | −57 | −18 | 1.50 | 567 |
| R supramarginal gyrus (BA 40) | 57 | −54 | 24 | 1.55 | 594 |
| R posterior cingulate gyrus (BA 31) | 3 | −42 | 27 | 1.82 | 837 |
| Increased activity | |||||
| Thalamus (medial dorsal nucleus) | 0 | −12 | 6 | 3.50 | 1,566 |
| L posterior cerebellum (declive) | −42 | −75 | −27 | 3.48 | 4,050 |
| R posterior cerebellum (declive) | 12 | −87 | −27 | 3.38 | 17,901 |
| L posterior cerebellum (tuber) | −36 | −84 | −39 | 3.72 | 3,024 |
| R medial frontal gyrus/rectus (BA 11) | 6 | 60 | −18 | 4.29 | 999 |
| L postcentral gyrus (BA 2) | −21 | −39 | 72 | 1.96 | 837 |
| L precuneus (BA 19) | −30 | −81 | 39 | 3.08 | 3,284 |
| R precuneus (BA 7) | 9 | −78 | 33 | 2.40 | 837 |
| L superior parietal lobule (BA 7) | −29 | −51 | 60 | 3.01 | 2,025 |
| R inferior parietal lobule (BA 40) | 66 | −36 | 30 | 1.78 | 756 |
| L middle temporal gyrus (BA 20) | −57 | −33 | −18 | 1.28 | 756 |
| R middle temporal gyrus (BA 21) | 69 | −12 | −6 | 2.29 | 6,210 |
| L superior temporal gyrus (BA 41)/insula | −51 | −27 | 6 | 2.29 | 1,701 |
| R superior temporal gyrus (BA 22)/insula | 48 | −18 | 9 | 3.21 | 3,564 |
| L superior temporal pole (BA 38) | −33 | 9 | −36 | 2.58 | 4,860 |
| R superior temporal pole (BA 38) | 33 | 12 | −30 | 4.26 | 1,485 |
| R hippocampus (BA 21) | 42 | −9 | −15 | 2.38 | 864 |
Abbreviations: BA, Brodmann area; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute; PDRP–ALFF, Parkinson's disease–related spatial covariance pattern–amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation. The anatomic structures were defined from the covariance pattern in cohort A (see Figure 1A) in which the region weights were reliable at P=0.025 according to the bootstrapping estimation on a voxel basis.