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. 2015 Jul 24;29(11):2184–2191. doi: 10.1038/leu.2015.157

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Copyright © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

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Effect of metformin co-treatment with bortezomib on myeloma SP and MP cell viability, proliferation and induction of apoptosis. (a) Dose-dependent effect of bortezomib alone or combined with metformin (500 μM) on the viability of SP and MP isolated from RPMI8226 cells. SP and MP cells were incubated with bortezomib alone or combined with metformin (500 μM). Cell viability was determined using the XTT assay. Error bars represent s.d. values determined from triplicate measurements. (b) Dose-dependent effect of bortezomib added at the indicated concentrations alone or combined with metformin (500 μM) on myeloma patient's SP and MP cell viability. (c) Dose-dependent effect of bortezomib added at indicated concentrations on colony formation. Values were normalized relative to the number of colonies formed from untreated SP. (d) Dose-dependent effect of bortezomib added at indicated concentrations alone or combined with metformin on colony formation. Values were normalized relative to the number of colonies detected with untreated SP cells. (e) Effect of bortezomib on SP and MP cell proliferation. Cells were incubated with bortezomib for 8 h at indicated concentrations and BrdU then added for 2 h. BrdU incorporation was determined relative to untreated MP cells. Error bars represent s.d. values determined from triplicate measurements. (f) Effect of bortezomib on the percentage of annexin-positive SP and MP cells. Cells were incubated with bortezomib at indicated concentrations for 24 h. The relative percentage increase in annexin-positive cells was determined relative to untreated SP or MP cells. Shown is the percentage increase in annexin-positive cells determined by flow cytometry. Error bars represent s.d. values determined from triplicate measurements.