Table 1. Risk estimates of alcohol consumption with BE by geographic region, gender and control types.

		No. of studies	No. of total cases	No. of BE patients	Relative risk (95% CI)	Heterogeneity		Publication bias
						P	I2	Begg’s test	Egger’s test
	Total of Barrett esophagus	20	42925	3775	0.98 (0.62–1.34)	0.00	86.3%	0.16	0.28
Geographic region	Asian	2	1332	585	1.34 (1.11–1.56)	0.22	32.0%	1.00	—
	Western countries	18	41593	3190	0.88 (0.54–1.22)	0.00	77.6%	0.23	0.23
Gender	MEN	6	7593	1250	1.17(0.82–1.53)	0.28	20.8%	0.71	0.48
	WOMEN	5	7130	746	0.51 (0.06–0.96)	0.00	80.8%	0.31	0.19
Control types	Population control	5	30176	1328	0.85 (0.55–1.15)	0.67	0.00%	0.46	0.33
	Inflammation control	8	3347	1343	0.58 (0.13–1.02)	0.002	69.5%	0.37	0.25
	Mixed control	3	5719	465	1.38 (0.99–1.77)	0.36	3.2%	0.30	0.34
	Endoscopic negative control	4	3683	639	1.18 (0.84–1.53)	0.19	37.5%	0.31	0.32