Fig. 2. Role of polar and anionic lipids in VLP fusion. (a, b) Fusion efficiency of JEV (a) and WNV (b) VLPs with liposomes containing a ternary mixture of phosphatidylcholine (PC), with BMP, phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylserine (PS), ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) or ceramide (Cer), together and cholesterol (chol) at a 4 : 4 : 2 molar ratio. (c, d) Fusion efficiency of JEV (c) and WNV (d) VLPs with liposomes composed of total porcine brain extract lipids (BE total), polar brain lipids (BE polar) or ganglioside brain lipids (BE ganglioside).