TABLE 1.
Patient Characteristics at the Time of Random Assignment by Initial Treatment for the Randomization That Excluded Patients With TD or Those Assigned to Ziprasidone
| Total Sample | Olanzapine | Perphenazine | Quetiapine | Risperidone | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean/n | %/SD | Mean/n | %/SD | Mean/n | %/SD | Mean/n | %/SD | Mean/n | %/SD | ||||
| n = 1049 | n = 263 | n = 256 | n = 261 | n = 269 | χ2/F | df | p | ||||||
| Age | 39.3 | 10.9% | 39.36 | 10.56 | 39.97 | 11.06 | 39.15 | 10.88 | 38.78 | 11.05 | 0.55 | 3 | 0.65 |
| Male | 777 | 74.0% | 190 | 72.2% | 196 | 76.6% | 196 | 73.5% | 199 | 74.0% | 1.3 | 3 | 0.72 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||||||
| White | 631 | 60.1% | 153 | 58.2% | 151 | 59.0% | 1.67 | 64.0% | 160 | 59.5% | 2.22 | 3 | 0.52 |
| Black | 368 | 35.1% | 96 | 36.5% | 90 | 35.1% | 84 | 32.1% | 98 | 36.4% | 1.4 | 3 | 0.70 |
| Other | 50 | 4.8% | 14 | 5.3% | 15 | 5.9% | 10 | 3.8% | 11 | 4.1% | 1.62 | 3 | 0.65 |
| Hispanic | 129 | 12.3% | 37 | 14.1% | 24 | 9.3% | 39 | 14.9% | 29 | 10.8% | 5.05 | 3 | 0.17 |
| Marital status | 16.7 | 12 | 0.16 | ||||||||||
| Married | 131 | 12.5% | 30 | 11.4% | 43 | 16.8% | 27 | 10.3% | 31 | 11.5% | |||
| Separated/divorced | 219 | 20.8% | 61 | 23.2% | 50 | 19.4% | 55 | 20.9% | 53 | 19.8% | |||
| Never married | 636 | 60.6% | 159 | 60.4% | 146 | 57.0% | 167 | 64.0% | 164 | 61.0% | |||
| Widowed | |||||||||||||
| PANSS total | 75.5 | 17.5 | 75.7 | 18.2 | 74.2 | 18.0 | 74.8 | 17.0 | 77.2 | 16.5 | 1.48 | 3 | 0.21 |
| Positive | 18.4 | 5.6 | 18.4 | 5.5 | 17.9 | 5.9 | 18.3 | 5.4 | 19.0 | 5.6 | 1.8 | 3 | 0.15 |
| Negative | 20.2 | 6.5 | 20.3 | 6.7 | 20.3 | 6.3 | 19.8 | 6.5 | 20.4 | 6.4 | 0.43 | 3 | 0.72 |
| General | 36.9 | 9.3 | 37.0 | 9.8 | 36.0 | 9.5 | 36.7 | 9.2 | 37.8 | 8.6 | 1.68 | 3 | 0.17 |
| Depression (Cagary Scale) | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 0.84 | 3 | 0.47 |
| Current comorbidity | |||||||||||||
| Alcohol abuse/dependence | 86 | 8.2% | 20 | 7.6% | 27 | 10.5% | 21 | 8.0% | 18 | 6.7% | 2.83 | 3 | 0.41 |
| Drug abuse/dependence | 126 | 11.9% | 30 | 11.3% | 39 | 15.2% | 23 | 8.8% | 34 | 12.6% | 5.31 | 3 | 0.15 |
| Major depression | 114 | 10.8% | 25 | 9.4% | 29 | 11.3% | 23 | 8.8% | 37 | 13.7% | 4.08 | 3 | 0.25 |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder | 57 | 5.4% | 8 | 3.0% | 11 | 4.3% | 20 | 7.7% | 18 | 6.7% | 6.9 | 3 | 0.07 |
| Side effects | 3 | ||||||||||||
| EPS mean (Simpson Agua) | 0.18 | 0.29 | 0.16 | 0.27 | 0.19 | 0.32 | 0.16 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.29 | 1.35 | 3 | 0.26 |
| Barnes Akathesia Scale | 0.47 | 0.84 | 0.58 | 0.97 | 0.43 | 0.79 | 0.46 | 0.76 | 0.47 | 0.81 | 2.17 | 3 | 0.09 |
| AIMS Severity Score (TD) | 0.12 | 0.27 | 0.15 | 0.31 | 0.12 | 0.27 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 1.13 | 3 | 0.34 |
| TD (>1 on AIMS Severity) | 7 | 67.0% | 1 | 0.4% | 3 | 1.2% | 2 | 0.8% | 1 | 0.4% | 1.7 | 3 | 0.63 |
| Quality of Life Scale | 2.7 | 1.1 | 2.7 | 1.1 | 2.7 | 1.1 | 2.7 | 1.1 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 0.73 | 3 | 0.53 |
| Social interaction | 2.6 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 1.21 | 3 | 0.30 |
| Instrumental activity | 2.0 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 0.19 | 3 | 0.91 |
| Intrapsychic activity | 3.0 | 1.2 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 1.2 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 2.9 | 1.0 | 1.35 | 3 | 0.26 |
| Lehman Quality of Life Interview | 4.3 | 1.4 | 4.4 | 1.4 | 4.4 | 1.3 | 4.4 | 1.4 | 4.2 | 1.5 | 0.83 | 3 | 0.47 |
| Quality-adjusted life-years | 0.686 | 0.126 | 0.682 | 0.132 | 0.689 | 0.120 | 0.695 | 0.123 | 0.676 | 0.127 | 1.11 | 3 | 0.34 |
| Patient weighted health index | −0.94 | 3.64 | −1.12 | 3.98 | −0.75 | 3.67 | −0.59 | 3.43 | −1.29 | 3.41 | 1.86 | 3 | 0.13 |
| Body mass index | 29.80 | 7.09 | 29.24 | 6.86 | 29.63 | 6.93 | 30.22 | 7.05 | 30.09 | 7.48 | 1.04 | 3 | 0.37 |
| Health costs (previous month) | |||||||||||||
| All medication | $422 | $325 | $419 | $344 | $420 | $314 | $418 | $331 | $433 | $313 | 0.14 | 3 | 0.94 |
| Inpatient residential/nursing home | $1512 | $3715 | $1828 | $3988 | $1127 | $2530 | $1442 | $3642 | $1636 | $4381 | 1.68 | 3 | 0.17 |
| Outpatient | $365 | $935 | $379 | $864 | $392 | $1173 | $410 | $1066 | $281 | $513 | 1.02 | 3 | 0.38 |
| Total | $2299 | $3831 | $2628 | $4078 | $1940 | $2811 | $2271 | $3813 | $2352 | $4398 | 1.42 | 3 | 0.23 |
AIMS indicates abnormal involuntary movement scale; EPS, extrapyramidal syndrome; TD, tardive dyskinesia.