Table 4.
Male outcomes and mediators by sexual orientation from weighted analysis of 3785 youth in the U.S. National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1995–2009).
| Measure |
Compl hetero (n = 3552) |
Mostly hetero (n = 131) |
Bisexual (n = 23) |
Gaya (n = 79) |
p-valueb |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chronic pain outcomes | n | Weighted % (SE) | n | Weighted % (SE) | n | Weighted % (SE) | n | Weighted % (SE) | |
| Headache | 0.19 | ||||||||
| Rare | 2952 | 82% (1.0) | 97 | 75% (5.6) | 16 | 76% (11.9) | 61 | 70% (7.3) | |
| Weekly or daily | 600 | 18% (1.0) | 34 | 25% (5.6) | 7 | 24% (11.9) | 18 | 30% (7.3) | |
| Stomachache | 0.96 | ||||||||
| Rare | 3126 | 87% (0.9) | 110 | 89% (3.1) | 20 | 85% (9.7) | 67 | 89% (4.9) | |
| Weekly or daily | 426 | 13% (0.9) | 21 | 11% (3.1) | 3 | 15% (9.7) | 12 | 11% (4.9) | |
| Muscle/joint pain | 0.007 | ||||||||
| Rare | 2457 | 69% (1.1) | 95 | 75% (4.5) | 17 | 77% (11.7) | 69 | 91% (3.6) | |
| Weekly or daily | 1095 | 31% (1.1) | 36 | 25% (4.5) | 6 | 23% (11.7) | 10 | 9% (3.6) | |
| Mediators | |||||||||
| Child maltreatment | |||||||||
| Neglect | 0.50 | ||||||||
| None | 3075 | 87% (0.9) | 117 | 91% (3.2) | 19 | 92% (4.8) | 67 | 90% (4.5) | |
| 1 + times | 477 | 13% (0.9) | 14 | 9% (3.2) | 4 | 8% (4.8) | 12 | 10% (4.5) | |
| Physical | 0.32 | ||||||||
| None | 2458 | 71% (1.2) | 84 | 70% (6.2) | 11 | 58% (13.1) | 42 | 60% (6.7) | |
| 1 + times | 1094 | 29% (1.2) | 47 | 30% (6.2) | 12 | 42% (13.1) | 37 | 40% (6.7) | |
| Sexual | 0.10 | ||||||||
| None | 3409 | 96% (0.5) | 125 | 98% (1.4) | 21 | 84% (10.2) | 73 | 98% (2.0) | |
| 1 + times | 143 | 4% (0.5) | 6 | 2% (1.4) | 2 | 16% (10.2) | 6 | 2% (2.0) | |
| Suicidal ideation (SI) | 0.07 | ||||||||
| No | 3219 | 90% (0.7) | 110 | 81% (4.9) | 20 | 89% (7.9) | 69 | 88% (5.3) | |
| Yes | 333 | 10% (0.7) | 21 | 19% (4.9) | 3 | 11% (7.9) | 10 | 12% (5.3) | |
| Suicide attemptd among those with SI | 0.95 | ||||||||
| Never | 261 | 79% (3.2) | 15 | 77% (11.1) | 2 | 72% (28.3) | 9 | 86% (13.8) | |
| 1 + times | 72 | 21% (3.2) | 6 | 23% (11.1) | 1 | 28% (28.3) | 1 | 14% (13.8) | |
| Weighted mean (SE) | Weighted mean (SE) | Weighted mean (SE) | Weighted mean (SE) | ||
| Depressive symptomsc | 15.1 (0.12) | 16.4 (0.65) | 15.0 (0.82) | 16.6 (0.77) | 0.05 |
| Social supporte | |||||
| From adults | 4.35 (0.02) | 4.14 (0.11) | 3.69 (0.34) | 4.48 (0.12) | 0.03 |
| From teachers | 3.46 (0.03) | 3.44 (0.12) | 3.53 (0.29) | 3.61 (0.14) | 0.72 |
| From parents | 4.82 (0.01) | 4.79 (0.05) | 4.91 (0.08) | 4.91 (0.04) | 0.07 |
| From friends | 4.13 (0.02) | 4.07 (0.09) | 3.95 (0.15) | 4.25 (0.11) | 0.44 |
| Total support | 16.8 (0.07) | 16.4 (0.24) | 16.1 (0.70) | 17.3 (0.31) | 0.16 |
| Self-esteemf | 10.6 (0.08) | 11.7 (0.43) | 12.0 (0.66) | 11.5 (0.57) | 0.01 |
a
Gay combines “mostly gay” and “100% gay.”
b
Results from t-tests and chi-square analyses to test the differences among sexual orientation groups within each gender group for each mediator and outcome.
c
Depressive symptoms: 0–60; higher scores indicate greater depression.
d
Suicide attempts reported only for participants who responded “yes” to suicidal ideation.
e
Social support from adults, teachers, parents, friends: 1–5, total: 4–20; higher scores indicate greater social support.
f
Self-esteem: 1–5; higher scores indicate greater self-esteem.