Table 5.
Results from weighted logistic regression modelsa with associated factors predicting sexual orientation differences in chronic pain among female (N = 4534) and male (N = 3785) youth in the U.S. National Longitudinal Study of adolescent to adult health (1995–2009).
| Headache Daily/weekly vs. rare OR (95% CI) |
Stomachache Daily/weekly vs. rare OR (95% CI) |
Muscle/joint pain Daily/weekly vs. rare OR (95% CI) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sexual orientation | Model 1 | Model 2 | % attenuationc | Model 1 | Model 2 | % attenuation | Model 1 | Model 2 | % attenuation |
| Females | |||||||||
| Completely heterosexual | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | – | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | – | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | – |
| Mostly heterosexual | 1.40 (1.09, 1.79) | 1.25 (0.97, 1.61) | –11% | 1.18 (0.84, 1.66) | 1.02 (0.72, 1.44) | –14% | 1.69 (1.29, 2.20) | 1.58 (1.20, 2.07) | − 7% |
| Bisexual | 1.22 (0.70, 2.12) | 1.09 (0.63, 1.89) | − 11% | 1.22 (0.65, 2.29) | 1.03 (0.53, 2.00) | − 16% | 1.87 (1.03, 3.38) | 1.68 (0.94, 3.01) | − 10% |
| Lesbianb | 1.96 (0.95, 4.06) | 1.68 (0.79, 3.57) | − 14% | 1.50 (0.54, 4.17) | 1.31 (0.48, 3.59) | − 13% | 1.97 (0.78, 4.99) | 1.85 (0.74, 4.58) | − 6% |
| Males | |||||||||
| Completely heterosexual | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | – | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | – | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | – |
| Mostly heterosexual | 1.70 (0.85, 3.24) | 1.60 (0.83, 3.09) | − 6% | 0.95 (0.52, 1.73) | 0.87 (0.46, 1.62) | + 8% | 0.73 (0.45, 1.17) | 0.68 (0.43, 1.07) | + 7% |
| Bisexual | 1.24 (0.30, 5.18) | 1.07 (0.26, 4.45) | − 14% | 1.31 (0.23, 7.50) | 1.19 (0.21, 6.57) | − 9% | 0.96 (0.30, 3.08) | 0.93 (0.28, 3.11) | + 3% |
| Gayb | 2.00 (1.06, 3.82) | 2.05 (1.04, 4.02) | + 2.5% | 0.82 (0.30, 2.21) | 0.79 (0.29, 2.18) | + 4% | 0.28 (0.11, 0.74) | 0.26 (0.09, 0.69) | + 7% |
a Model 1 = sexual orientation only; Model 2 = sexual orientation and the following associated factors: child maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse), depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, social support (from adults, parents, friends, teachers), and self-esteem. Models adjusted for age (Wave II), race/ethnicity (Wave I), weight status (Wave I), parental education (Wave I), parental income (Wave I), and chronic pain (Wave I). Significant effects are bolded, p < .05.
Lesbian and gay combine “mostly gay” and “100% gay.”
Percent attenuation in OR between Models 1 and 2. [(ORModel 1 − ORModel 2) / ORModel 1]∗ 100; “+” indicates that the effect becomes stronger (OR further from 1.0), whereas “−” indicates that the effect becomes weaker (OR closer to 1.0).