Table 2.

Substance Use Characteristics of the Violence Groups in Young Adulthood (Approximate Age 36)

	Non-violent Men (n = 219)	Desisters (n = 137)	Persisters (n = 21)	Very Late Onset (n = 10)
Continuous Variables (mean ± standard deviation)
Alcohol Use Frequencya,d	67.7 ± 89.1	56.6 ± 73.0	57.9 ± 109.4	44.5 ± 62.7
Binge Drinking Frequencya,d	9.6 ± 42.3	8.5 ± 29.3	22.2 ± 81.5	11.0 ± 31.3
Marijuana Use Frequencya,d	37.1 ± 103.1	69.2 ± 125.0	49.7 ± 115.0	12.4 ± 31.7
Change in Alcohol Useb,e	−82.1 ± 109.2	−132.1 ± 128.3	−215.6 ± 144.7	−134.5 ± 141.4
Change in Marijuana Useb,f	−36.5 ± 117.2	−100.7 ± 152.2	−240.7 ± 144.7	−147.0 ± 169.2
Categorical Variables (% positive)
Any Hard Drug Usea	4.6	15.3	23.8	0
Drug Dealinga	2.3	10.2	23.8	0
Alcohol Use Disorderc	26.3	41.6	57.1	10.0
Cannabis Use Disorderc	4.6	11.7	23.8	0
Hard Drug Use Disorderc	1.8	6.6	19.1	10.0

Notes. Continuous variables are reported as unlogged frequencies.

^aPast Year.

^bChange from emerging adulthood to young adulthood.

^cLifetime diagnosis.

^dRange: 0 – 365.

^eRange: −365 – 235.

^fRange: −365 – 365.