Table 1.
Demographics and clinical data
| PDT + SWI (n = 25) | SWI w/o PDT (n = 131) | P-values | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative variables | |||
| Mean age (±) SD | 70 (±6.4) | 66 (±11) | 0.080 |
| Mean BMI (±) SD | 26.8 (±3.93) | 28.9 (±4.6) | 0.034 |
| Female % (n) | 36.0 (9) | 44.3 (58) | 0.511 |
| Preop. LVEF < 34 % (n) | 20.0 (5) | 4.6 (6) | 0.729 |
| NYHA IV % (n) | 36.0 (9) | 14.5 (19) | 0.420 |
| Hypertension % (n) | 88.0 (22) | 93.9 (123) | 0.385 |
| DM % (n) | 32.0 (8) | 42.0 (55) | 0.383 |
| COPD % (n) | 36.0 (9) | 24.4 (32) | 0.226 |
| PAD % (n) | 48.0 (12) | 14.5 (19) | 0.0005 |
| Smoking % (n) | 48.0 (12) | 47.3 (62) | 1.000 |
| Recent MI % (n) | 44.0 (11) | 42.7 (56) | 1.000 |
| Renal insufficiency % (n) | 68.0 (17) | 43.5 (57) | 0.029 |
| Preop. IABP % (n) | 8.0 (2) | 0 | 0.024 |
| Preop. Inotropes % (n) | 16.0 (4) | 2.2 (3) | 0.013 |
| Preop. Dialysis % (n) | 4.0 (1) | 0.7 (1) | 0.295 |
| Mean Euroscore II in % (±) SD | 18.8 (±15.6) | 4.0 (±4.6) | 0.0001 |
| Mean STS-score: Risk of Mortality % (±) SD | 6.5 (±4.3) | 2.2 (±2.1) | 0.0001 |
| Mean STS-score: Risk of DSWI % (±) SD | 0.6 (±0.26) | 0.5 (±0.4) | 0.231 |
| Operative procedures | |||
| CABG % (n) | 48.0 (12) | 71.8 (94) | 0.033 |
| Comb. CABG + Valve % (n) | 12.0 (3) | 16.0 (21) | 0.768 |
| Valve surgery % (n) | 8.0 (2) | 1.5 (2) | 0.120 |
| Thoracic aorta proc. % (n) | 16.0 (4) | 4.6 (6) | 0.055 |
| VAD-Implantation % (n) | 8.0 (2) | 0.8 (1) | 0.067 |
| Re-do % (n) | 8.0 (2) | 5.3 (7) | 0.637 |
| Perioperative variables | |||
| Mean Cross-clamp time (min) | 58.6 (±44.0) | 59.0 (±36.1) | 0.961 |
| Mean CPB time (min) | 133.8 (±59.5) | 103.8 (±54.3) | 0.013 |
| Postoperative Variables | |||
| Re-thoracotomy (%) | 20 (5) | 9.2 (12) | 0.153 |
| Stroke (%) | 12 (3) | 0 | 0.003 |
| Low cardiac output (%) | 20 (5) | 0 | 0.0001 |
| Pneumonia % (n) | 68 (17) | 13.7 (18) | 0.0001 |
| Respir. Insufficiency % (n) | 84 (21) | 19.0 (25) | 0.0001 |
| Delirium % (n) | 56 (14) | 22.9 (30) | 0.001 |
| Post-op MI % (n) | 0 | 1.5 (2) | 1.000 |
| Sepsis | 60 (15) | 13.7 (18) | 0.0001 |
| Mean vent. time in (h) (±) SD | 547 (±288) | 21 (±37) | 0.0001 |
| Mean number of packed RB cells (±) SD | 11 (±11) | 3 (±2) | 0.0001 |
| Mean days of ICU-stay (±) SD | 32 (±11) | 7 (±8) | 0.0001 |
| Mean LOS hospital (±) SD | 40 (±14) | 36 (±18) | 0.294 |
Description of pre-, peri-, post-operative clinical characteristics, surgical techniques and intensive care unit stays
Bold writing indicates significant values
BMI body mass index (kg/m2), LVEF left ventricle ejection fraction, NYHA New York Heart Association, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DM diabetes mellitus, PAD peripheral arterial disease, Recent MI recent myocardial infarction, Preop pre-operative, IABP intra-aortic balloon pump, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, Other other open heart surgery procedures, CPB time total cardiopulmonary bypass time (in min), Valve heart valve surgery, VAD ventricular assist device implantation, Re-do second heart surgery, SD standard deviation, LOS length of stay, ICU intensive care unit; packed RB cells packed red blood cell