Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Entire group | Suspected CAD | Known CAD | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 159) | (n = 72) | (n = 87) | ||
| Age (yrs) | 71.1 ± 10 | 69.9 ± 10.4 | 72.2 ± 9.6 | 0.17 |
| Gender (female) | 55 (35 %) | 39 (54 %) | 16 (18 %) | <0.05 |
| CAD Risk Factors | ||||
| Diabetes | 51 (32 %) | 20 (28 %) | 31 (36 %) | 0.31 |
| Hypertension | 127 (80 %) | 58 (81 %) | 69 (79 %) | 1 |
| Smokinga | 49 (31 %) | 18 (25 %) | 31 (36 %) | 0.17 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 105 (66 %) | 39 (54 %) | 66 (76 %) | 0.004 |
| Family history of CVD | 55 (35 %) | 24 (33 %) | 31 (36 %) | 0.74 |
| Menopauseb | 52 (95 %)b | 37 (95 %)b | 15 (94 %)b | 1 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 30 (19 %) | 17 (24 %) | 13 (15 %) | 0.15 |
| Number of risk factors | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 2.9 ± 1.3 | 3.0 ± 1.2 | 0.53 |
| Cardiac Arrhythmia | ||||
| Heart rate at rest (beats/min.) | 67 [60–78] | 68 [60–80] | 66 [59–78] | 0.71 |
| Heart rate at stress (beats/min.) | 85 [77–99] | 85 [78–101] | 85 [77–98] | 0.89 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 64 (40 %) | 32 (44 %) | 32 (37 %) | 0.34 |
| VES | 87 (55 %) | 35 (49 %) | 52 (60 %) | 0.20 |
| Couplets | 15 (9 %) | 4 (6 %) | 11 (13 %) | 0.18 |
| Triplets | 6 (4 %) | 2 (3 %) | 4 (5 %) | 0.69 |
| Bigeminus | 32 (20 %) | 12 (17 %) | 20 (23 %) | 0.43 |
| Trigeminus | 6 (4 %) | 3 (4 %) | 3 (3 %) | 1 |
| SVES | 8 (5 %) | 5 (7 %) | 3 (3 %) | 0.47 |
| Medication | ||||
| Statins | 92 (58 %) | 34 (47 %) | 58 (67 %) | 0.03 |
| Beta-blockers | 100 (63 %) | 38 (53 %) | 62 (71 %) | 0.03 |
| Aspirin | 93 (59 %) | 34 (47 %) | 59 (68 %) | 0.02 |
| ARB | 105 (66 %) | 41 (57 %) | 64 (74 %) | 0.06 |
| Nitrates | 37 (23 %) | 12 (17 %) | 25 (29 %) | 0.13 |
| Diuretics | 77 (48 %) | 31 (43 %) | 46 (53 %) | 0.33 |
| Symptoms (multiple possible) | ||||
| Chest pain | 107 (67 %) | 43 (60 %) | 64 (74 %) | 0.43 |
| Dyspnea | 87 (55 %) | 46 (64 %) | 41 (47 %) | 0.04 |
| Palpitations | 16 (10 %) | 9 (13 %) | 7 (8 %) | 0.09 |
| Syncope | 10 (6 %) | 5 (7 %) | 5 (6 %) | 0.75 |
| Reduced LV-EF | 56 (35 %) | 23 (32 %) | 33 (38 %) | 0.61 |
| ECG abnormality | 105 (66 %) | 37 (51 %) | 68 (78 %) | <0.001 |
| Wall motion abnormality | 46 (29 %) | 12 (17 %) | 34 (39 %) | 0.02 |
Values are n (%), mean ± SD or median [IQR]
suspected CAD CMR work-up of suspected CAD in patients without history of CAD, known CAD CMR work-up of ischemia in patients with prior myocardial infarction and/or revascularization procedure (PCI or CABG), CAD coronary artery disease, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, CVD cardiovascular disease, BMI body mass index, VES ventricular extrasystoles, SVES supraventricular extrasystoles, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, CMR cardiac magnetic resonance, LV-EF left ventricular ejection fraction, ECG electrocardiography
aCurrent or ever-smokers
bCalculated for females