Figure 1.

Effect of palmitic (PA) and oleic (OA) acids on cytokine expression in cultured human trophoblast cells. (A) Trophoblast cells were cultured in the presence of increasing concentrations of PA or OA for 24 h. (B) Trophoblast cells were cultured in the presence of 500 µM PA or OA for 6, 12, 24 or 72 h. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 100 ng/ml was used as a positive control. Cytokine mRNA was measured by RT–PCR of the cell extracts. Results were normalized with beta-actin and expressed as fold changes PA versus control (CTL; cells treated with 2% bovine serum albumin). Shown are mean ± SEM, n = 3 independent experiments from three placentas. 1.5 × 10⁶/well primary cultured cells were plated in 12-well plate for each condition, *P < 0.05.