Figure 5.

Effect of fatty acids on phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa Beta (NF-kB). Primary trophoblasts were cultured with 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA; CTL), 100 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or 500 µM palmitic acid (PA) for 60 min. (A) Immunohistochemistry shows CTL cells have no NF-kB in the nucleus but abundant staining in the cytoplasm. Arrows point to translocation of NF-kB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus after LPS and PA treatment, n = 3 independent experiments, 0.5 × 10⁶/well primary cultured cells were plated in 4-well chamber slides for each condition; (B) Representative western blot of NF-kB (p65) and phospho-NF-κB p65 (p65p); (C) p65p protein phosphorylation was normalized per non phosphorylated NF-kB (p65), n = 3 triplicate experiments from three individual placentas. 3.0 × 10⁶/well primary cultured cells were plated in 6-well plate for each condition.